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Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan,Muthiah Chellappandian,Muthiah Chellappandian,Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan,Athirstam Ponsankar,Annamalai Thanigaivel,Sengodan Karthi,Edward-Sam Edwin,Selvaraj Selin-Rani 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4
Fresh leaves of Piper betle Linn. (Piperales: Piperaceae) and Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Asterales: Asteraceae), commonly known as betel leaves and East Indian globe thistle, respectively, were harvested and steam distilled for the extraction of P. betle and S. indicus crude volatile oils (Pb-CVO and Si-CVO, respectively). LC 50 calculated on 3 rd instar larvae of dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti Linn. (Diptera: Culicidae) was 42.17 ppm for PbSi-CVO (i.e., herbal formulation based on the EOs of P. betle and S. indicus). The larval and pupal duration were significantly longer post-treatment with 100 ppm of PbSi-CVO, if compared to control. We observed that PbSi-CVO significantly altered the detoxifying enzymes GST and CYP450 compared to the expression of control. Sub-lethal concentrations of PbSi-CVO showed strong repellent properties against dengue mosquitoes, without adverse reactions on the volunteers experiencing the repellent assays. Lastly, the adulticidal activity of PbSi-CVO was studied. Overall, our study outlined that this herbal product represents a promising candidate for the development of botanical based adulticidal agents.
Shin, Jonghoon,Prabhakaran, Vasantha-Srinivasan,Kim, Kwang-sun Elsevier 2018 Microbial pathogenesis Vol.116 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are currently causing serious problems globally in the medical setting. Improper and extensive usage of antibiotics results in a selective pressure supporting the rise of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Many key cellular bacterial components, including enzymes and small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs), and their involvement in MDR have been well studied, but exploiting such components in eradicating these pathogens requires further study. Delineation of many mechanisms that underpin the known MDR pathways necessitates urgent development of new specific strategies to control the rise of MDR pathogens. Botanical derivatives are comparatively safer than currently used antibiotics and exert multiple therapeutic benefits associated with their high efficacy. Numerous plant-derived compounds display synergistic activity with antibiotics against many MDR pathogens. Such plant derivatives include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. A synthetic biological approach, e.g., metabolic engineering of secondary metabolites, can be utilized to exploit the natural metabolic pathways against MDR microbes. In this review, we focused on the major threats of antibiotic resistance, and the utilization of plant-derived compounds as alternative therapeutic agents to limit the rise of MDR pathogens.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Surge in microbial antibiotic resistance linked to antibiotic misuse is reviewed. </LI> <LI> Major antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and the role of sRNAs, are highlighted. </LI> <LI> Novel plant-derived phytochemicals with antimicrobial properties are summarized. </LI> <LI> Current metabolite engineering of phytochemicals against MDR microbes is discussed. </LI> <LI> Synergy of phytochemicals with multiple available antibiotics is appraised. </LI> </UL> </P>
Edward-Sam Edwin,Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan,Athirstam Ponsankar,Annamalai Thanigaivel,Selvaraj Selin-Rani,RichardW.Mankin,Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan,Kandaswamy Kalaivani,Ramasamy Kanagaraj Murali 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.4
Trichogramma species are used worldwide as biological control agents. A particularly important application is mass-rearing and release formanagement of field-crop and warehouse insect pests. Eggs of commonly available hosts, Spodoptera litura, Corcyra cephalonica, Plutella xylostella and Helicoverpa armigera, were exposed to different temperature and nonionizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatments to consider whether particular combinations of treatments positively affected T. chilonis development. The treatments had different effects on three measures of parasitoid production: the rate of parasitization, adult emergence, and adult viability. At constant temperature (24, 28, 32 °C), the mean percentage of egg parasitization was greatest on treatments of S. litura eggs. However, the mean percentage of adult emergence was significantly greater from C. cephalonica eggs at 28 °C than from eggs in other treatments. The mean percentage of adult viability was found to be 83.9% from C. cephalonica eggs at 28 °C. Ultraviolet radiation treatments (3, 6, or 9 min at 254 nm) significantly increased the mean percentage parasitization over that of the non-UV treatments. Also, the mean percentage of adult parasitoid emergence and viability were greater fromC. cephalonica eggs exposed to non-ionizing UV radiation than from eggs of other hosts in all other treatments. This information can be used bymanagers of mass-rearing programs to increase the effectiveness of T. chilonis production for biological control of pest insects.