잭슨폴록과 샘 프란시스의 표현기법 연구

정유연 전북대학교 교육대학원 2020 국내석사

제 2차 세계대전이 끝난 후 현대미술의 중심지는 유럽에서 미국으로 옮겨지게 되었다. 유럽의 많은 화가들이 전쟁을 피해 미국으로 이동하면서 추상표현주의가 형성되는 계기가 되었다. 추상표현주의의 형성으로 인해 이전 미술계에서 접하지 못한 새로운 표현방식을 볼 수 있었다. 특히 추상표현주의 화가들은 초현실주의의 영향을 받아 이전 시대의 회화를 익히고, 발전시켜 미국적 흐름을 만들어 냈다. 초현실주의의 오토마티즘에서 큰 영향을 받은 추상표현주의 작가들은 그들의 내면을 표현하기위해 무의식에 대한 탐구를 지속적으로 이어가고 그들의 작품에서도 이를 표현했다. 그들은 작가의 감정표현에 중점을 두고, 드리핑이라는 기법으로 작가의 감정을 화면에 바로 나타냈다. 드리핑은 우연성과 즉흥성 등의 성격을 가지고 있는데, 추상표현주의 화가들은 이러한 드리핑의 특징을 이용해 예기치 않은 효과를 나타내고 그들만의 독창적인 표현을 창조했다. 본 논문에서는 추상표현주의의 작가인 잭슨폴록과, 샘 프란시스를 중심으로 그들의 작품에 나타난 표현기법에 대해 연구하였다. 폴록은 특히 드리핑기법을 사용하여 행위의 우연성의 효과를 강조하였으며, 프란시스는 자율성을 강조하면서 여백의 공간을 조형적 구조로 활용하였다. 이들은 내재되어있는 무의식을 표현함으로써 자신의 행위를 통해 의도하지 않은 것에서 새로운 창조를 만들어냈다. 또한 잭슨폴록과 샘 프란시스의 드리핑을 통해 그 안에 나타난 동양정신에 대해 탐구하였다. 이들은 동양의 선사상(禪思想)을 수용하고 여백(餘白)이라는 공간을 표현했다. 선사상을 받아들이면서 사고의 확장과 전환이 일어났다. 또한 작가의 생각을 그림에 표현하여 자신의 마음속에 있는 것들을 화면에 나타냈다. 즉, 동양정신의 수용으로 인해 작가들은 자신의 내면의 감정을 표현하고, 그들의 순수한 내면적 영혼을 화면에 표현했다. 본 논문을 통해 잭슨폴록과 샘 프란시스의 표현기법을 연구함으로써 그들의 무의식세계를 통한 내면표현 방법에 대해 알아봤으며, 자신만의 방법을 구축한 그들의 새로운 예술문화를 들여다보았다. 이러한 독창적이고 창의적인 작업은 세계미술의 주목을 받았으며 오늘날 현대 미술에 깊은 영향을 주고 있다. 작품을 표현하는 방식은 더 자유로워졌고 작가의 정신세계나 가치관이 더욱 중요시해졌다. 이처럼 잭슨폴록과 샘 프란시스는 새로운 예술세계를 구축함으로써 현대회화의 새로운 장을 열어 주었다. After World War II, the center of modern art was moved from Europe to the United States. As many European artists moved to the United States to avoid war, abstract expressionism became an occasion. The formation of abstract expressionism allowed us to see a new style of expression we had not encountered in the previous art world. In particular, abstract expressionist painters, influenced by surrealism, have mastered and developed the paintings of the previous era to create an American trend. greatly influenced by surrealism autism, abstract expressionist writers continue their quest for unconsciousness and expressed it in their works. They focused on the writer's emotional expression and immediately displayed the writer's feelings on the screen with a technique called dribbling. Dripping has the characteristics of coincidence and improvisation, with abstract expressionist painters using these features to show unexpected effects and create their own original expressions. In this paper, the writer of abstract expressionism, Jackson Pollock, and Sam Francis, were studied about the expression techniques that appeared in their works. Pollock emphasized the effect of coincidence in action, especially by using dribbling techniques, and Francis emphasized autonomy and utilized the space of margin as a formative structure. By expressing their inherent unconsciousness, they created a new creation from what they did not intend through their actions. It also explored the Oriental spirit shown in it through the dribbling of Jackson Pollock and Sam Francis. They embraced the prehistoric images of the East and expressed a space called margins. Accepting the preconceived ideas led to the expansion and conversion of accidents. He also expressed the writer's thoughts in pictures and displayed the things in his mind on the screen. In other words, due to the acceptance of the Oriental spirit, writers expressed their inner feelings, and their pure inner soul on the screen. Through this paper, by studying the expression techniques of Jackson Pollock and Sam Francis, we learned about how to express ourselves through their unconscious world, and looked into their new art culture, which built up their own methods. This original and creative work has caught the attention of world art and is having a profound impact on modern art. The way works are expressed has become freer and the writer's mental world and values have become more important. As such, Jackson Pollock and Sam Francis opened a new chapter in modern painting by building a new art world.

The formative evaluation of a professional development training package the computer in early childhood

Pollock, Brenda J A Bell & Howell Co. 1997 국내박사

In search of security : the Mormons and the Kingdom of God on earth, 1830-1844

Pollock, Gordon Douglas Garland 1989 국내박사

Undergraduate student recruitment: The role of the faculty

Pollock, Kevin Alexander Michigan State University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

Admissions officials nationwide, under pressure to reach enrollment goals, now ask faculty members to actively assist in the recruiting of undergraduate students to their institutions. Faculty members, attempting to balance teaching, research, and service activities, are trying to determine their role in recruiting students. While the overall role of faculty member's teaching and research has been intensely studied, there has been a significant gap of information concerning the faculty role in recruiting students. This study begins to fill that gap of information by confirming the participation of faculty in recruiting activities and addressing the question of what factors might influence the involvement of the faculty in student recruitment.

Contributions from the School that Influence Student Achievement: Differences in Teachers' Perceptions

Pollock, Erica Nicole ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

A substantial body of research has examined student achievement over the years. Though this research is vast, there is no indication that the findings are being used in schools and classrooms. Hence, there is concern regarding the research to practice gap in schools. Due to the unique opportunity teachers have to impact student achievement, their knowledge of and perceptions related to the factors that influence student achievement are important. When teachers' perceptions align with the research findings, students may be educated in the most effective manner possible. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether teachers' perceptions, of the effects of school factors on student achievement, are significantly discrepant from the research, differ as a function of demographic characteristics, and which demographic characteristics predict perception alignment with current research findings. Understanding differences in teachers' perceptions is crucial to designing and implementing evidence-based interventions, acquiring teacher support, and addressing their concerns as key stakeholders.Participants were solicited from teacher organizations willing to participate in a web-based survey to measure teachers' perceptions of factors that influence student academic achievement. Participants in this study included teachers working with pre-kindergarten through high school students in the United States.Paired-samples t-tests indicated a statistically significant difference between teachers' perceptions and current research findings for all of the school factors examined (p = 0.000) except for mainstreaming (p = 0.419) and multi-age/multi-grade classes (p = 0.154). Teacher perception alignment with current research was greatest for the mainstreaming factor (M = 2.26) and least for the reducing class size factor (M = 69.60). Hierarchical multiple regression demonstrated a statistically significant difference in teachers perceptions based on demographic characteristics (F (32, 365) = 2.26, p <0.001). When separated into groups, teacher characteristics continued to have a significant impact on teacher alignment (F change (22, 375) = 2.422, p < 0.001) while school characteristics did not (F change (10, 365) = 1.796, p = 0.060). Only two demographic characteristics were individually statistically significant predictors of teacher perception alignment with current research: being a Black or African American teacher (棺 = 0.12, p = 0.03) and teaching at a religious private school (棺 = 0.16, p = 0.002).

MEMS Mirrors and Controls for Indoor Optical Wireless Communication

Pollock, Corey Boston University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

Algorithm Optimization of non-DMSO Cryopreservation Protocols to Improve Mesenchymal Stem Cell Post-Thaw Function

Pollock, Kathryn Lindsay ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Minn 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a common transfusion cell therapy that have been used in over 300 clinical trials to treat over 2000 patients with diseases ranging from Crohn's disease to heart failure. These cells are frequently cryopreserved to better coordinate the timing of cell administration with patient care regimes and to accommodate transport of samples between different sites of collection, processing, and administration. However, cryopreservation with DMSO (the current gold standard) can result in poor cell function post-thaw and adverse reactions upon infusion. We hypothesize that non-DMSO cryopreservative molecules, including sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, and other small molecule additives, can be used in combination to protect cell viability and function post-thaw. This research demonstrates that some combinations of non-DMSO cryopreservatives preserve cell functionality better than others, and these effects are dependent not on osmotic or physical changes in solution, but on biological changes that affect the cell during the freezing process. We observe that there is likely a sweet spot concentration combination that produces maximum recovery for each combination of molecules, and demonstrate that an evolutionary algorithm can be used to identify optimized combinations of molecules that yield high cell recovery post-thaw. Additionally, we demonstrate that these novel solutions maintain MSC functionality when evaluated using surface markers, attachment, proliferation, actin alignment, RNA expression, and DNA hydroxymethylation. These advances in cryopreservation can improve cell therapy, and ultimately patient care.

Engineering New Methods to Investigate Cyclic Dinucleotides

Pollock, Alex University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Nucleotide second messengers are nucleotide-based small molecules which orchestrate cellular responses to internal cues and adaptation to environmental conditions. These messengers are ubiquitous throughout life and their flux coordinates diverse processes via binding response regulator proteins or riboswitches to induce post-translational, translational, or transcriptional responses. Some of the best studied nucleotide second messengers include cAMP which regulates carbon source utilization, (p)ppGpp which regulates biosynthetic metabolism in response to nutrient limitation, and 3′3′-c-di-GMP which regulates motility and biofilm production. Nucleotide second messengers are hypothesized to be ubiquitous because they are rapidly diffusible and can be quickly synthesized from and hydrolyzed into common substrates making them amenable to effective cellular coordination. This work focuses on the recently discovered nucleotide second messengers 3′3′-c-di-AMP and 2′3′-cGAMP which are respectively an essential bacterial molecule regulating virulence, cell wall homeostasis, and osmotic regulation and a mammalian innate immune signaling molecule signaling mis-localized double stranded DNA. These second messengers are synthesized by the condensation of two ATPs or an ATP and a GTP molecule, respectively, and have been the subject of increasing academic and clinical interest in the last decade. Despite significant advances in these fields, quantitative, single cell, and kinetic tools to detect these important nucleotide second messengers are lacking. This dearth has resulted in many important investigations being intractable. In response, we have generated FRET biosensors for both 2′3′-cGAMP and 3′3′-c-di-AMP. These adaptable biosensors allow for entirely new perspectives of bacterial and metazoan cyclic-di-nucleotide signaling. Additionally, we have also developed a luminescence-based coupled enzyme assay to facilitate higher-throughput population level quantification of 3′3′-c-di-AMP. We note that the recently discovered bacteriophage-defense signaling molecule, 3′3′-cGAMP can also be detected using this coupled enzyme assay but utility will be limited until a high affinity binding protein is found and adapted to extract 3′3′-cGAMP from complex samples. The tools developed in this work will facilitate diverse investigations of immune signaling and bacterial regulation with implications for immunotherapy, autoimmune disease, viral and bacterial restriction, and vaccine development.

Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue and Resiliency Factors

Pollock, Jamall L Yeshiva University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

As an integral part of the social safety net that supports United States Armed Forces veterans, social workers are often exposed to traumatic experiences, and this exposure can have both positive and negative impacts on these clinical providers. The aim of this study was to identify what factors help to mitigate compassion fatigue and strengthen compassion satisfaction among social workers working with veterans. Specifically, it investigated what personal or professional factors had an impact of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among social workers.The hypotheses of this study were that personal counseling, veteran status, regular clinical supervision, and educational attainment would increase compassion satisfaction among social workers, and that specialized trauma training and length of time spent working with veterans would decrease compassion fatigue. To test the hypotheses an online survey consisting of the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQoL 5), the chief instrument used to measure compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue, and a demographic questionnaire was shared with social workers registered with the NASW national chapter and the state NASW chapter of a middle-Atlantic state. The 103 survey respondents were split into two groups – a control group of social workers who didn’t work with veterans and an experimental group of social workers who worked with veterans. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests, Chi-Square, ANOVA, and Linear Regression methods. The results did not show any clinically significant differences between the two samples. Across the entire sample there was a clinically significant correlation between secondary trauma stress (one component of CF along with burnout) and personal psychotherapy. These results suggest that social workers who are experiencing secondary traumatic stress are inclined to pursue their own clinical treatment as a path toward recovery and healing, and that this helps social workers to continue engaging in the work. Organizations who employ social workers would benefit from increasing access to personal counseling and by decreasing barriers to social workers seeking out counseling. Additionally, organizations would also benefit from improving training opportunities that mitigate compassion fatigue and support personal counseling and could possibly increase compassion satisfaction.

Cultural Hegemony, Political Movements, and the Problem of Publicity

Pollock, Darien R Harvard University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

How does social change happen in a political arrangement? My dissertation argues that societies are transformed by the acceptance of “hidden scripts” that challenge the legitimacy of the dominant narratives accepted by the status quo. This “street domain,” as I term it, is important for not only understanding the nature of a public sphere but also for predicting the evolution of the “mainstream” discourse in a political arrangement. Finally, I argue that in Western culture there is a historical set of norms and incentives that prevent actors from recognizing the value of the “street knowledge” that constitute the content of the hidden scripts in a society. I call this set of norms and incentives the problem of white-mindedness.