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Fan Loops Observed by<i>IRIS</i>, EIS, and AIA
Ghosh, Avyarthana,Tripathi, Durgesh,Gupta, G. R.,Polito, Vanessa,Mason, Helen E.,Solanki, Sami K. American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.835 No.2
<P>A comprehensive study of the physical parameters of active region fan loops is presented using the observations recorded with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrometer (IRIS), the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board Hinode, and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The fan loops emerging from non-flaring AR. 11899 (near the disk center) on 2013 November 19 are clearly discernible in AIA 171 angstrom images and in those obtained in Fe VIII and Si VII images using EIS. Our measurements of electron densities reveal that the footpoints of these loops are at an approximately constant pressure with electron densities of log N-e = 10.1cm(-3) at log [T/K]=5.15 (O IV), and log N-e = 8.9 cm(-3) at log[T/K]=6.15 (Si X). The electron temperature diagnosed across the fan loops by means of EM-Loci suggest that two temperature components exist at log[T/K]=4.95 and 5.95 at the footpoints. These components are picked up by IRIS lines and EIS lines, respectively. At higher heights, the loops are nearly isothermal at log[T/K]=5.95, which remained constant along the loop. The measurement of the Doppler shift using IRIS lines suggests that the plasma at the footpoints of these loops is predominantly redshifted by 2-3 km s(-1) in C II, 10-15 km s(-1) in Si IV, and 15-20 km s(-1) in O IV, reflecting the increase in the speed of downflows with increasing temperature from log[T/K]=4.40 to 5.15. These observations can be explained by low-frequency nanoflares or impulsive heating, and provide further important constraints on the modeling of the dynamics of fan loops.</P>
Profiling Cancer Stem Cells in Androgen-Responsive and Refractory Human Prostate Tumor Cell Lines
Cocciadiferro, Letizia,Miceli, Vitale,Kang, Kyung-Sun,Polito, Lucia M.,Trosko, James E.,Carruba, Giuseppe Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2009 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.1155 No.1
<P>In this study, we investigated androgen metabolism in two different human prostate cancer cell lines, the androgen-responsive LNCaP cells and the nonresponsive PC3 cells. Following 24-h and 72-h incubation with either testosterone (T) or androstenedione (Ad) used as precursor, divergent patterns and rates of androgen metabolism were observed. Given the recent interest in the multiple uses of embryonic and adult stem cells for basic and applied research, we compared the expression of three presumptive stem cell markers (Oct-4, SUZ-12, and Cripto-1), along with connexin 43 (Cx43), Cx32, and androgen receptor (AR), used as cell differentiation gene markers. In anchorage-independent cell growth conditions, the expression levels of candidate markers of cancer stem cells initially increased (days 2-4) but drastically fell thereafter (day 6) in both cell lines. Results of immunocytochemical assay (ICA) largely confirmed those obtained by RT-PCR. Interestingly, both symmetrical and asymmetrical cell divisions were revealed in PC3 cells using Oct-4 immunostaining. Our data suggest that both androgen-responsive and androgen-nonresponsive prostate tumor cell lines contain a presumptive cancer stem cell population that can be identified using a panel of selected gene markers, including Oct-4, SUZ-12, and Cripto-1.</P>