http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Lim, Seonhee,Song, Insil,Guengerich, F. Peter,Choi, Jeong-Yun American Chemical Society 2012 Chemical research in toxicology Vol.25 No.8
<P>Archaeal and eukaryotic B-family DNA polymerases (pols) mainly replicate chromosomal DNA but stall at lesions, which are often bypassed with Y-family pols. In this study, a B-family pol Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) from the euryarchaeon <I>Thermococcus litoralis</I> was studied with three types of DNA lesions<I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-alkylG, <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-alkylG, and an abasic (AP) sitein comparison with a model Y-family pol Dpo4 from <I>Sulfolobus solfataricus</I>, to better understand the effects of various DNA modifications on binding, bypass efficiency, and fidelity of pols. Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) readily bypassed <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-methyl(Me)G and <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG, but was strongly blocked at <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-benzyl(Bz)G and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-BzG, whereas Dpo4 efficiently bypassed <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-MeG and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-BzG and partially bypassed <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG and <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-BzG. Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) bypassed an AP site to an extent greater than Dpo4, corresponding with steady-state kinetic data. Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) showed ∼110-, 180-, and 300-fold decreases in catalytic efficiency (<I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB>/<I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB>) for nucleotide insertion opposite an AP site, <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-MeG, and <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG but ∼1800- and 5000-fold decreases opposite <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-BzG and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-BzG, respectively, as compared to G, whereas Dpo4 showed little or only ∼13-fold decreases opposite <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-MeG and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-BzG but ∼260–370-fold decreases opposite <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG, <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-BzG, and the AP site. Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) preferentially misinserted G opposite <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-MeG, T opposite <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG, and A opposite an AP site and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-BzG, while Dpo4 favored correct C insertion opposite those lesions. Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) and Dpo4 both bound modified DNAs with affinities similar to unmodified DNA. Our results indicate that Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) is as or more efficient as Dpo4 in synthesis opposite <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG and AP lesions, whereas Dpo4 is much or more efficient opposite (only) <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-alkylGs than Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>), irrespective of DNA-binding affinity. Our data also suggest that Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) accepts nonbulky DNA lesions (e.g., <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>- or <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG and an AP site) as manageable substrates despite causing error-prone synthesis, whereas Dpo4 strongly favors minor-groove <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-alkylG lesions over major-groove or noninstructive lesions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/crtoec/2012/crtoec.2012.25.issue-8/tx300168p/production/images/medium/tx-2012-00168p_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/tx300168p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Lim, Yun-Jin,Kim, Do-Hyung,Roh, Heyong Jin,Park, Myoung-Ae,Park, Chan-Il,Smith, Peter Springer-Verlag 2016 AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL Vol.24 No.4
<P>The susceptibility of 52 isolates of Edwardsiella tarda and 54 isolates of Vibrio harveyi to 12 antibiotics was established using internationally standardised disc diffusion protocols. Normalised resistance interpretation was employed to generate statistically valid epidemiological cut-off values for these susceptibility data. For three of these 24 species/antibiotic data sets, there were insufficient fully sensitive strains to allow analysis and for an additional two there were sufficient fully susceptible isolates to allow only a provisional estimate to be made. The data sets for a further two species/antibiotic combinations were considered too diverse to allow the calculation of a valid cut-off value. Valid epidemiological cut-off values were, therefore, calculated for 17 species/antibiotic combinations. It is argued that these cut-off values will greatly facilitate the performance of studies designed to monitor the consequence of antibiotic use in aquaculture. They will also facilitate the prudent and rational choice of antibiotics to be applied therapeutically in commercial farming of aquatic animals.</P>
Parental presence during pediatric emergency procedures: finding answers in an Asian context
Peter Choong Yi Wong,Manasvin Tripathi,Aswin Warier,Zi Ying Lim,Shu-Ling Chong 대한응급의학회 2019 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.6 No.4
Objective The practice of allowing parental presence during invasive procedures in children varies depending on setting and individual provider preference. We aim to understand the attitudes, preferences, and practices of physicians and nurses with regard to parental presence during invasive pediatric emergency procedures in an Asian cultural context. Methods We surveyed physicians and nurses in the pediatric emergency department of a large tertiary hospital using separate self-administered questionnaires over three months. The data collected included the demographics and clinical experience of interview respondents. Each provider was asked about their attitude and preference regarding parental presence during specific invasive procedures. Results We surveyed 90 physicians and 107 nurses. Most physicians in our context preferred to perform pediatric emergency procedures without parental presence (82, 91.1%). Forty physicians (44.4%) reported that parental presence slowed down procedures, while 75 (83.3%) felt it increased provider stress. Most physicians made the decision to allow parents into the procedure room based on parental attitude (69, 76.7%) and the child’s level of cooperation (64, 71.1%). Most nurses concurred that parental presence would add to provider stress during procedures (69, 64.5%). We did not find a significant relationship between provider experience (P=0.26) or age (P=0.50) and preference for parental presence. Conclusion In our cultural context, most physicians and nurses prefer to perform procedures for children in the absence of parents. We propose that this can be changed by health professional training with role play and simulation, adequate supervision by experienced physicians, and clear communication with parents.
Clinical Characteristics and Ultrasonographic Findings of Acute Bacterial Enterocolitis in Children
Chun, Peter,Lim, Taek Jin,Hwang, Eun Ha,Mun, Sang Wook,Lee, Yeoun Joo,Park, Jae Hong The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2017 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.20 No.2
Purpose: This study clarified the bacterial pathogens currently causing acute infectious enterocolitis (AIE) in children and evaluated the clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings according to the different pathogens. Methods: Medical records regarding age, sex, clinical symptoms, laboratory data, identified enteropathogens, ultrasonographic findings, treatment, and outcome of 34 patients who were diagnosed with AIE via stool examination using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or culture, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Twenty-four patients (70.6%) were male. The mean age of the patients was $8.5{\pm}6.2$ (range, 1.1-17.1) years. Six bacterial pathogens were isolated: Salmonella species (spp.) (32.4%), Campylobacter spp. (20.6%), verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (14.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.8%), Clostridium difficile (8.8%), and Shigella spp. (2.9%). Abdominal pain occurred in all patients regardless of pathogen. The patients infected with Salmonella were older than those infected with verotoxin-producing E. coli (p<0.05). C-reactive protein levels were higher in patients with Salmonella and Campylobacter infections than in those with verotoxin-producing E. coli infection (p< 0.05), the other clinical and laboratory data were indistinguishable between pathogens. Ultrasonography demonstrated diverse involvement of bowel segments according to pathogen. Wall thickening of both the ileum and the entire colon was the most common lesion site regardless of pathogen. Conclusion: Various bacterial agents cause AIE and the symptoms are diverse symptoms, however, all most children recovered spontaneously. Use of multiplex PCR on stool samples warrants improvement of its sensitivity for diagnosis of enteropathogenic bacteria. Ultrasonographic examination is useful for diagnosis of AIE; it can also detect the disease extent and severity.
Sarang Cho,Peter Capek,Roman Bleha,Andrej Sinica,Jung Sik Lim,Jin Ree,Yong Il Park 한국당과학회 2022 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.07
Many plant polysaccharide have immunomodulatory and anti-tumour activities. In the present study, water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from an edible plant seed mainly by hot water extraction, 75% ethanol precipitation, and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and tentatively named as PSP-F1. The PSP-F1 was shown to be a mixture of three major polysaccharides with molecular mass of approximately 1,200, 640, and 300 kDa, respectively, as estimated by size-exclusion HPLC analysis. The HPAEC-PAD analysis for neutral sugar composition and showed that PSP-F1 consists of arabinose (Ara) and xylose (Xyl), as the major neutral sugars, and other minor neutral sugars such as rhamnose (Rha), galactose (Gal), and glucose (Glc). HPLC analysis for uronic acids showed that galacturonic acid (GalA) presents as the major uronic acid and glucuronic acid (GlcA) was the minor one. Together with the neutral monosaccharides and uronic acids composition, the FT-IR and NMR analysis suggested that PSP-F1 appears to be a mixture of pectin type and heteroxylan polysaccharides. The results showed that the PSP-F1 (0-100 μg/ml) significantly induced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and upregulation of MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38) phosphorylation. The secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages is mainly caused by MAPK cascade activation. These results demonstrated that the PSP-F1 isolated from a plant seed is a mixture of pectin type and heteroxylan polysaccharides, which are typical for plant cell wall polysaccharides, and that it effectively stimulates macrophages to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, by upregulation of MAPKs phosphorylation. The results of this study suggests that PSP-F1 may be potential immunostimulator for health benefits and as a pharmaceutical component.