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Paul, Baboo Joseph,Do, Giang Xuan,Mathew, Vinod,Gim, Jihyeon,Song, Jinju,Kim, Sungjin,Tung, Duong Pham,Kim, Jaekook The Electrochemical Society 2014 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.161 No.10
<P>The present study investigates on the effect of excessive Ni doping, secondary heat-treatment and their influence on the structural and electrochemical properties of LiMn<SUB>1.3</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.7</SUB>O<SUB>y</SUB> spinel samples prepared by a two-step solid state synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical studies and in-situ synchrotron XRD (SXRD) results acquired during electrochemical lithiation indicates that the concentration of Mn<SUP>3+</SUP> and the corresponding ordering of the spinel composition can be controlled by excessive nickel doping and secondary annealing (at 700°C). Moreover, the above characterizations also confirmed long-range cation ordering (<I>P</I>4<SUB>3</SUB>32) in addition to minor contributions from the Mn<SUP>3+</SUP> content in the secondary annealed spinel (LiMn<SUB>1.3</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.7</SUB>O<SUB>y</SUB>). More importantly, the combined effect of extended Ni-doping and secondary heat-treatment is clearly reflected as an enhancement in the rate performances of LiMn<SUB>1.3</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.7</SUB>O<SUB>y</SUB> spinel cathode at elevated current rates (discharge capacity of around 88 and 61 mAh/g at 0.457 and 0.914 A/g current densities).</P>
Paul, Baboo Joseph,Gim, Jihyeon,Baek, Sora,Kang, Jungwon,Song, Jinju,Kim, Sungjin,Kim, Jaekook American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.15 No.8
<P>Nanocrystalline LiFePO4/C has been synthesized under a very short period of time (90 sec) using a polyol-assisted microwave heating synthesis technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data indicates that the rapidly synthesized materials correspond to phase pure olivine. Post-annealing of the as-prepared sample at 600 °C in argon atmosphere yields highly crystalline LiFePO4/C. The morphology of the samples studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the presence of secondary particles formed from aggregation of primary particles in the range of 30-50 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal a thin carbon layer coating on the surface of the primary particle. The charge/discharge studies indicate that the as-prepared and annealed LiFePO4/C samples delivered initial discharge capacities of 126 and 160 mA h g-1, respectively, with good capacity retentions at 0.05 mA cm-2 current densities. The post-annealing process indeed improves the crystallinity of the LiFePO4 nanocrystals, which enhances the electrode performance of LiFePO4/C.</P>
Paul Joseph B. Ramirez,Earl Joanne Santos-Ramirez,Orelie B. Delas Alas,Carlos L. Magnaye 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2019 No.08
The paper focused on identifying potential upgrading solutions along the seaweeds value chain in the Philippines. Using rapid appraisal and value chain approaches, the study revealed that the seaweeds industry is performing relatively well but there is still room for improvement. Based on two sets of value chain cases analyzed, the industry can capture greater value and revenues by transforming raw dried seaweeds to carrageenan rather than selling the former outright to other countries. The estimated value added in the two cases displayed that the processors in both scenarios receive much better gains, triple at the least of the raw dried seaweed exporters. This can also improve utilization of existing seaweeds processing plants and support the employment of local workers. Apart from the fact that the country has a competitive advantage in producing quality carrageenan, it will save the carrageenan plants from sourcing out their raw dried seaweeds inputs from its competitor countries that would also have impact on the bottom lines of the industry.
Remittances, Consumption, Savings and Investment in the Philippines, 1985-2006
Paul Joseph B. Ramirez 한국무역연구원 2010 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.6 No.2
This paper examined how international remittances affect the savings and spending behavior of receiving households in the Philippines on a number of consumption and investment goods. Using a cross-sectional analysis of the Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES), the paper specifically looked at the difference in expenditure behaviors on food, education and health of households receiving and not receiving international remittances. The empirical evidence showed that remittances have indicated a positive effect on food, education and health expenditure levels and the savings behavior of remittance-receiving households in various years considered in the study. Results also showed that remittances increase the expenditure share of education and health of remittance-receiving households and lowers expenditure shares on food as compared to non-receiving households as income increases.
Analysis of Public Health Expenditures on Leading Causes of Morbidity in the Philippines
Paul Joseph B. Ramirez,Earl Joanne S. Santos 한국무역연구원 2013 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.9 No.2
Provision of public goods and services is one of the major roles of the government in an economy. Some of the public goods and services that are being provided cause negative effects while others create positive externalities. One evident case of such is the market for health care. Aware of its role to provide health care to the people, governments are even more challenged with the remarkable growth of the demand for health care. Furthermore, there are market failures existing in the health care sector. Given that, the paper examined the effects of public spending on health care, specifically on the principal causes of morbidity in the Philippines. Aside from public spending, the paper also took into account private health spending in the analysis. The study employed a pooled ordinary least squares regression model. Results showed that the increase in government spending significantly reduce the number of tuberculosis cases in the Philippines. On the other hand, results for diarrhea indicated that public spending and number of diarrhea cases are positively related. The findings imply that although an increase in public health expenditures can have a significant impact on the number of cases of diseases, lowering tuberculosis cases for instance, the study can be further extended by valuing as well the other benefits that can be derived from a prevented sickness resulting from an increase in public health expenditures.