Paul's take on faith in galatians an exegetical analysis of the pistis debate

Paul Oladipupo Orabiyi 국제신학대학원대학교 2016 국내석사

The free genitive nature of Paul’s use of the phrase πίστις Χριστοῦ makes it possible to read it, either as subjective genitive, objective genitive or even as both. But since context will always eliminate double meaning from a single word, Pauline scholars have been pushed to choose one over the other. In past times, the consensus about πίστις Χριστοῦ among Pauline scholars is that, pistis in Pauline writings refers to faith in Christ. Πίστις Χριστοῦ a famous Pauline phrase occurs in the entire Pauline writings, a total of seven times, out of which four appears in Galatians alone. Galatians therefore becomes the yard stick for asserting the genitive of the famous pistis phrase. Most scholars find it convenient reading the πίστις Χριστοῦ in Galatians as objective genitive, that is, πίστις Χριστοῦ means the act of putting faith in Christ. In this research, I will argue that πίστις Χριστοῦ in Paul’s use is not “objective genitive” as traditionally claimed but subjective genitive. That rather than “faith in Christ”, Paul’s intention was to herald a Christological faith, that is, the role “Christ’s faithfulness” plays in bringing the promised inheritance to both Jews and Gentiles. Current Pauline scholars are fundamentally flawed by relying largely on grammatical and lexical concerns while ignoring exegetical and theological concerns in asserting the genitive of the pistis phrase. Thus it is argued that Paul’s phrase should be understood in light of the context of the promise oriented Gospel he preached to the Gentiles. When the πίστις Χριστοῦ in Galatians is considered in light of the promise-nature of the gospel emphasized Paul, the πίστις Χριστοῦ in Galatians does not appear as an anthropological faith. Rather, it reveals Christ’s faithfulness in carrying God’s promise to those it had being promised to. If πίστις Χριστοῦ in Galatians be theologically considered, by means of exegetical breakdown, it becomes more convenient to advocate that, Paul would have meant a subjective reading other than the objective genitive reading of πίστις Χριστοῦ.

The dissonant whole: Jean Paul's polyphonic prose (Jean Paul Richter)

Fleming, Paul The Johns Hopkins University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation “The Dissonant Whole: Jean Paul's Polyphonic Prose” is a monograph on the German author, Jean Paul Friedrich Richter, which strives for a comprehensive presentation of his thought and literary work. Methodologically, it consists in a series of close readings that pay particular attention to this idiosyncratic writer's language, literary structures, and notions of the subject. Its goal is to situate Jean Paul in the context of Classicism, Romanticism, and Idealism and, then, to demonstrate how his literary-theoretical program differs from that of his contemporaries. Jean Paul, I argue, strives for a totality—of literary manners, voices, languages, subjects, and perspectives—that refuses to surrender not only the particular, but especially the excessive and peculiar. Forsaking concepts such as reconciliation or identity and structures such as infinite reflexivity, Jean Paul's notion of the whole is conscious of the necessity of contradiction and dissonance so as to achieve a true totality. Each chapter addresses one element or mode of Jean Paul's polyphonic literary program: from the affective to the ridiculous, the simpleton to the doppelgänger. The first three chapters investigate the most pronounced literary elements of his writing: (chapter 1) his notion of erudite wit as the juxtaposition of the disparate which rescues the individual thought-fragment and places it into a network of many-sided affinities; (2) his musical prose that explores the affective possibilities of language beyond its semantic function; and (3) his visions of metaphysical abandonment that aspire to engender the desire for the infinite. The final two chapters investigate Jean Paul's notions of the subject: (chapter 4) the simple, ridiculous fool of the idyll and (5) the divided doppelgänger of the novel. In exploring the manifold moods and modes of language and being, Jean Paul expresses the goal of a dissonant whole: “In short, we really want something; we don't want to merely live in the city of god, but to expand it.” Jean Paul's literary project is, then, an attempt to produce a true totality in the city of god, a totality of plurality.

Time for Paul: Lyotard, Agamben, Badiou (Jean-Francois Lyotard, Giorgio Agamben, Alain Badiou)

Holland, Christian Paul Emory University 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

Set in the context of the return to religion in contemporary Theory, this dissertation studies the philosophical resurrection of Paul at the end of the twentieth century. I dedicate one part to each of the following texts: Jean-Francois Lyotard's "D'un trait d'union" (1992), Giorgio Agamben's Il tempo the resta: Un commento alla Lettera ai Romani (2000), and Alain Badiou's Saint Paul: La fondation de l'universalisme (1997). The titles of the parts are: (I) Lyotard's Paul after Freud and the Shoah; (II) Agamben's Paul after Benjamin and the Sabbath; and (III) Badiou's Paul after Nietzsche and the Subject. Each part contains two chapters: (1) "Monstrous Time and Infancy"; (2) "The Ordeal of Time and Paul's Mystery"; (3) "Glossolalia nad the Genesis of The Time That Rests"; (4) "Messianic Time"; (5) "Time and Truth"; and (6) "The Time of the Event." I argue that Lyotard, Agamben, and Badiou read Paul as a founding thinker of time in the Western tradition; and that the weaknesses and strengths of these philosophical readings come to light through inquiry into paradoxes of temporality and subjectivity. The dissertation crosses the boundaries of Pauline Studies, Continental Philosophy, Literary Theory, and Theology.

Three Essays in Environmental Economics and Applied Econometrics

Johnson, Erik Paul University of Michigan 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

In the first chapter of this dissertation, I estimate the long-run price elasticity of supply of renewable electricity generating capacity using the variation in state mandates for renewable electricity production. These mandates require electricity providers to purchase a predetermined fraction of their electricity from renewable sources and typically increase annually in each state. Using the variation that these mandates induce in generating capacity, I use an instrumental variables strategy to estimate the price elasticity of supply. My estimate of 2.7 translates into a cost of carbon dioxide abatement of at least $12 per ton of carbon dioxide. This cost of abatement is six times more expensive than the cost of carbon dioxide abatement from the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. The second chapter, written jointly with Paul Courant, David Mendez, and Kenneth Warner, conducts a benefit-cost analysis on the Environmental Protection Agency's guidelines for residential radon remediation. We use an agent based approach that adds important dimensions of heterogeneity to the analysis. This allows us to estimate the likely capitalization of the capital cost of remediation technology into housing prices. We find that most households are better off by not paying the annual cost of remediation and that only the least mobile households with smokers in high radon concentration houses would undertake the capital cost of remediation. Since only a small fraction of the population values radon remediation, our model suggests that approximately 10% of the capital cost is capitalized into the resale value of the house. The third chapter examines the finite sample and distributional properties of the nested fixed point algorithm. Starting from the basic setup described in John Rust's 1987 paper, I simulate data sets with varying sizes and distributional assumptions on the unobserved component of the model. I find that even in sample sizes of up to 8,000 observations, the nested fixed point algorithm can display finite sample bias and variances substantially larger than the theoretical asymptotic variance. This is also true with departures from distributional assumptions, with the mean square error increasing by a factor of 10 for some distributions of unobserved variables.

Localizations of E-Theory and Transchromatic Phenomena in Stable Homotopy Theory

VanKoughnett, Paul Northwestern University ProQuest Dissertations & T 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

Chromatic homotopy theory studies a parametrization of stable homotopy theory in terms of algebraic objects called formal groups. Transchromatic homotopy theory is specifically concerned with the behavior of spaces and cohomology theories as the.

State Political Interests and American Judicial Federalism

Lohse, Paul ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Arizona State Univ 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

The American courts have become increasingly central to many important political debates. The marriage equality debate, the boundaries between religious freedom and society, the death penalty, eminent domain and many other contemporary issues that have direct effects on the lives of all Americans continue to play out in the court systems. While Alexander Hamilton in Federalist 82 sees the federal and state courts as complementary, this research sees these courts as often-rival political venues that political interests make strategic choices about taking legal actions in. Prior research finds that political interests turn to the state courts for two reasons: The structure of law creates a legal incentive and the political interests have access to state level resources, e.g. attorneys skilled in the laws of a state. Yet, there appear to be important gaps in existing theory. A distinction between state and national political interests is seemingly important. State political interests are embedded within their state political communities; consequently these interests should have strong attachments with their respective state courts. Also, state political interests can be expected to select courts on the basis of political ideology and state judicial selection methods. Prior research has shown the connection between these factors and judicial decision-making, but not interest group participation. To examine these areas of uncertainty, this research collected more than 3500 observations of the participation of political interests in the American courts. Two legal areas were selected: eminent domain and marriage equality. Ultimately, this study finds that state political interests develop strong attachments to their respective state courts and are more likely to enter into the state courts than their nationally-oriented counterparts. This research also finds that judicial ideology and state judicial selection both influence the decision to enter into the state courts. This shows a relationship between these factors and the decision to enter into the state courts. It also suggests that these factors not only affect the choices that judges make, but other actors as well, including political interests.

Scaling issues in photonic packet switching networks based on optical TDM

Toliver, Paul Princeton University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

One of the fundamental pillars in the development of the next generation of broadband optical networks is scalability. This thesis explores a variety of scaling issues in photonic packet-switched networks based on optical time-division multiplexing (TDM) technology. One of the factors limiting the scalability of fiber optic networks is optical amplification. Although the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) has been very successful for systems operating at 1.55 μm, a 1.3 μm amplifier is needed to support the large base of embedded fiber optimized for this wavelength as well as newer cable TV and access networks. A praseodymium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier (PDFFA) is designed and developed, and the challenges in making a practical amplifier are discussed. Optical demultiplexers allow for the detection of ultra-high bit-rate data streams. Three different optical switch geometries are analyzed in terms of their temporal switching window profile. A 1.5 ps wide switching window is experimentally demonstrated using one of the switch geometries, thus allowing for the detection of single-channel bit rates exceeding 640 Gb/s. As the bit rate increases, synchronization becomes more of an issue. The impact of timing jitter is evaluated, and techniques for performing synchronization are discussed. A new technique based on an optical switch with feedback is proposed and demonstrated using 100 Gb/s optical TDM packets. Optical packet compression and decompression techniques are explored. As the packet length is increased, the loss of various compression and decompression structures is analyzed. A novel structure is proposed that allows for the simultaneous compression and decompression of packets. Using 100 Gb/s packet bit rate, an experimental demonstration of the structure is performed. A testbed is constructed to demonstrate the functions necessary for a packet-switched network based on optical TDM. The major subsystems include packet generation and compression, all-optical header processing, and packet routing. An experimental demonstration is performed with 100 Gb/s optical TDM packets. Finally, optical TDM techniques are applied to analog signal transmission. Networks for supporting analog packet services as well as analog circuit services are proposed. Experimental demonstrations are performed to illustrate the capabilities of this approach to data communications.

Analysis of the role of the major repeat sequence in chromosome dynamics in Candida albicans

Lephart, Paul Robert University of Minnesota 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

The Major Repeat Sequence (MRS) is found at least once on all but one chromosome in Candida albicans, but as yet it has no known relation to the phenotype. The MRS affects karyotypic variation by serving as a common location for chromosome translocation and by expanding and contracting internal repeats, thereby changing chromosome length. Thus, MRSs on different chromosomes and those on chromosome homologues can differ in size. I proposed that the MRS's unique repeat structure and more specifically, the size of the MRS could also affect karyotypic variation by altering the frequency of mitotic nondisjunction. Strains with chromosome 5 homologues that differ in the size of the naturally occurring MRSs show a preferential loss of the homologue with the larger MRS on sorbose, indicating that a larger MRS leads to a higher risk of mitotic nondisjunction for that homologue. While deletion of an MRS has no deleterious effect on the deletion chromosome under normal growth conditions and leads to no obvious phenotype, strains that have the MRS deleted from one chromosome 5 homologue lose preferentially the homologue with the MRS remaining. This effect on chromosome segregation is the first demonstration of a phenotype associated with the MRS. I also proposed that the MRS may influence nearby mitotic recombination events between two chromosome homologues due to its proposed role in chromosome translocation. My examination of mitotic recombination frequencies between two chromosome 5 homologues shows that the MRS has no enhancing effect on mitotic recombination frequency under normal growth conditions. This analysis of mitotic recombination frequencies across half of chromosome 5 is the first large scale analysis of mitotic recombination done in C. albicans and indicates that mitotic recombination frequencies are similar to those found in other eukaryotic organisms.

Picornaviruses as candidate vaccine vectors: Expression of HIV-1 antigens and examination of the effect of HPeV-1 viral 2BC protein on surface MHC-I expression

Miller, John Paul University of California, Los Angeles 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

Picornaviruses generally replicate in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, inducing immunity relevant to sites of exposure. Immune responses elicited by enteroviruses and targeted to mucosal surfaces can have a cellular component in addition to a humoral response. Through careful guidance, these responses could be harnessed as part of a strategy to prevent sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). We first report the construction and study of replication competent recombinant vectors of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) that express one or more portions of the HIV-1 Gag protein. Vectors containing the capsid domain of Gag were initially genetically unstable with protein expression lost after brief passage in tissue culture. Codon modification to increase the G/C content of the HIV-1 capsid sequence resulted in enhanced genetic stability of CVB3 vectors during in vitro passage. Cells infected with a vector expressing the matrix (MA) subunit of the HIV-1 Gag protein were susceptible to lysis by CD8 T cell clones specific for the SL9 epitope found within MA. We also describe the construction of a replication-competent vector based on HPeV-1. The virus has little intrinsic pathogenicity, and may offer a safe alternative to more virulent expression vectors. Genomic insertions of coding sequences representing an immunodominant cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) HIV-1 epitope, SLYNTVATL (SL9), were retained by the HPeV-1 vector for numerous in vitro passages. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) release from SL9-specific CTL was examined using vector-infected target cells. ELISpot analysis indicated a low, but statistically significant, level of CTL activation occurred. Modest CTL IFN-gamma release indicated a possible deficiency in presentation of antigen by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. These molecules play a crucial role in immune system surveillance and its defense against intracellular pathogens as well as cancer. MHC-I molecules are loaded with peptides from immunoproteosome degraded proteins, which traffic to the cell surface for display to CD8+ T-cells. Viruses may disrupt this pathway during replication, significantly impairing CTL clearance of infected cells. Our data revealed differences in disruption of the secretory pathway during viral replication between CVB3 and HPeV-1. Variances in this virus family include differences in site of replication and receptor usage. Understandably, they may also vary in disruption of cellular processes. HPeV-1 2BC protein disruption of class 1 presentation, previously unknown, was compared to the more studied picornavirus CVB3. These data show the potential for utilizing HPeV-1 and CVB3 as a CTL epitope vector, although effective immunogenicity will require enhancement of antigen presentation, possibly through mutation of the 2BC protein.

The mod 2 homology of the connective spectrum of topological modular forms

Pearson, Paul Thomas Northwestern University 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

The mod 2 homology of the spaces in the connective Omega-spectrum of topological modular forms tmf comprises a Hopf ring, which is equivalent to a Dieudonne ring. We calculate some of this Dieudonne ring for the nonnegatively graded spaces in the spectrum tmf, and show that it splits into two parts that occasionally overlap. One part comes from the mod 2 homology of the spectrum tmf, and the other part comes from the Hopf ring for the sphere. We also recompute the known Hopf rings and Dieudonne rings for the mod 2 and integral Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectra and the connective spectrum bo representing connective real K-theory. As with tmf, these are viewed as having two parts which come from the homology of the spectrum and the Hopf ring for the sphere.