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Patterson Kristen M.,Vajdic Tyler G.,Martinez Gustavo J.,Feller Axel G.,Reynolds Joseph M. 대한면역학회 2021 Immune Network Vol.21 No.5
Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses (GWI) encompasses a broad range of unexplained symptomology specific to Veterans of the Persian Gulf War. Gastrointestinal (GI) distress is prominent in veterans with GWI and often presents as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Neurotoxins, including organophosphorus pesticides and sarin gas, are believed to have contributed to the development of GWI, at least in a subset of Veterans. However, the effects of such agents have not been extensively studied for their potential impact to GI disorders and immunological stability. Here we utilized an established murine model of GWI to investigate deleterious effects of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) exposure on the mucosal epithelium in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, acute DFP exposure negatively impacts the mucosal epithelium by reducing tight junction proteins and antimicrobial peptides as well as altering intestinal microbiome composition. Furthermore, DFP treatment reduced the expression of IL-17 in the colonic epithelium. Conversely, both IL-17 and IL-17C treatment could combat the negative effects of DFP and other cholinesterase inhibitors in murine intestinal organoid cells. Our findings demonstrate that acute exposure to DFP can result in rapid deterioration of mechanisms protecting the GI tract from disease. These results are relevant to suspected GWI exposures and could help explain the propensity for GI disorders in GWI Veterans.
Patterson, Wayne. 在外韓人學會 1993 在外韓人硏究 Vol.3 No.1
요약하면 두 세대간의 일반적 갈등은 한국인 2세들이 너무 급진적이고 미국인화된 데에 있으며, 이것은 중국인이나 일본인보다더 급진적인 그들의 부모인 이민 1세들이 그들을 그렇게 급진적이게 하는데 큰 역할을 한것이다. 세대간의 가치의 전이를 생각하면, 상대적으로 급진적인 이민 1세대가 상대적으로 더 급진적인 이민 2세대를 양성한 것이된다
Patterson, R.,Heo, J.M.,Wickramasuriya, S.S.,Yi, Y.J.,Nyachoti, C.M. Elsevier 2019 Animal feed science and technology Vol.254 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A study was conducted to investigate the effect of a nucleotide rich yeast extract (NRYE) on the growth performance and the colibacillosis of weaned pigs. In Experiment. 1, a total of 168 mixed-sex piglets weaned at 17 ± 2 days of age were fed diets formulated to meet or exceed nutrient requirements for 28 days. Diets consisted of i) Positive control (PC) containing antibiotics (110 mg/kg of chlortetracycline HCl and 31.2 mg/kg of tiamulin), ii) Negative control (NC) without antibiotics, iii) NC with the addition of 1 g/kg of NRYE (NRYE1), and iv) 2 g/kg of NRYE (NRYE2). No differences (<I>P</I> > 0.10) were found among treatments for average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), whilst pigs fed NRYE1 weighed more (<I>P</I> < 0.05) than those fed NC on day 28. Pigs fed the NRYE2 diet had greater (<I>P</I> < 0.05) ADG and ADFI than those fed the NC diet from day 7 to 14. No differences (<I>P</I> > 0.10) were observed in ADFI among dietary treatments. In Experiment 2, a total of 144 barrows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments groups to give 6 replicates (6 pigs per pen) per group. Four treatment diets were similar to previous experiment. Pigs in PC fed a control diet without NYRE supplementation and also did not received an oral challenge. PC treatment was housed in a separate room within the same facility with a similar environment. Pigs in NC, NRYE1 and NRYE2 were fed the non-medicated control diet with 0g/kg, 1 g/kg or 2 g/kg NYRE, respectively and were orally challenged with enterotoxigenic <I>Escherichia coli</I> K88+ (ETEC) after the 3 days of weaning. From day 3 to 28 post-challenge, pigs fed diets NRYE1 or NRYE2 had greater (<I>P</I> < 0.05) ADG compared with those fed a NC diet. Average daily feed intake and FCR were not affected by dietary treatment throughout the study. Challenged pigs consuming NRYE1 or NRYE2 diets had less (<I>P</I> < 0.05) diarrhea compared with those fed NC diet. The mortality due to coliform infection tended to be higher (<I>P</I> < 0.10) in the challenged NC and NRYE2 pigs compared with PC and NRYE1 pigs. In conclusion, diets supplemented with NRYE enhanced BW, ADG and ADFI of weaned pigs and reduced the incidence of diarrhea in ETEC challenged pigs suggesting that NRYE could be effective in controlling post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, which could represent a major economic advantage to the swine industry.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nucleotide rich yeast extract enhanced growth performance of newly-weaned pigs. </LI> <LI> Nucleotide rich yeast extract reduced colibacillosis along with the incidence of diarrhea. </LI> <LI> Nucleotide rich yeast extract represented a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for swine. </LI> </UL> </P>
New Advances in Human X Chromosome Status from a Developmental and Stem Cell Biology
Benjamin Patterson,Yoshiaki Tanaka,박인현 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2017 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.14 No.6
Recent advances in stem cell biology have dramatically increased the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanism of pluripotency and cell fate determination. Additionally, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, arose as essential resources for disease modeling and cellular therapeutics. Despite these advancements, the epigenetic dysregulation in pluripotency such as the imprinting status, and X chromosome dosage compensation, and its consequences on future utility of PSCs yet remain unresolved. In this review, we will focus on the X chromosome regulation in human PSCs (hPSCs). We will introduce the previous findings in the dosage compensation process on mouse model, and make comparison with those of human systems. Particularly, the X chromosome activation status of human preimplantation embryos, and the regulation of the active X chromosome by human specific lincRNA, X Active Coating Transcript (XACT), will be discussed. We will also discuss the recent findings on higher order X chromosome architecture, and abnormal X chromosome status in hPSCs.