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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Patrick J. Smith (검색결과 3 건)
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Paudel, Sanjaya,Smith, Rory,Duc, Pierre-Alain,Cô,té,, Patrick,Cuillandre, Jean-Charles,Ferrarese, Laura,Blakeslee, John P.,Boselli, Alessandro,Cantiello, Michele,Gwyn, S. D. J.,Guhathakurta American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.834 No.1
<P>The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey is a deep (with a 2 sigma detection limit mu g = 29 mag arcsec(-2) in the g-band) optical panchromatic survey targeting the Virgo cluster from its core to virial radius, for a total areal coverage of 104 square degrees. As such, the survey is well suited for the study of galaxies' outskirts, haloes, and low surface brightness features that arise from dynamical interactions within the cluster environment. We report the discovery of extremely faint (mu g > 25 mag arcsec(-2)) shells in three Virgo cluster early-type dwarf galaxies: VCC. 1361, VCC. 1447, and VCC. 1668. Among them, VCC. 1447 has an absolute magnitude Mg = -11.71 mag and is the least massive galaxy with a shell system discovered to date. We present a detailed study of these low surface brightness features. We detect between three and four shells in each of our galaxies. Within the uncertainties, we find no evidence of a color difference between the galaxy main body and shell features. The observed arcs of the shells are located up to several effective radii of the galaxies. We further explore the origin of these low surface brightness features with the help of idealized numerical simulations. We find that a near equal mass merger is best able to reproduce the main properties of the shells, including their quite symmetric appearance and their alignment along the major axis of the galaxy. The simulations provide support for a formation scenario in which a recent merger, between two near-equal mass, gas-free dwarf galaxies, forms the observed shell systems.</P>
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Study of Salting Effect of Inorganic Salts on Nano- and Giant Polymersomes
Obed Andres Solis-Gonzalez,Christopher Chi Wai Tse,Patrick J. Smith,J. Patrick A. Fairclough 한국고분자학회 2022 Macromolecular Research Vol.30 No.9
The salting effect, of kosmotropic and chaotropic salts, on nanoscale and giant-poly(ethylene oxide)16-block-poly(butylene oxide)22 polymersomes was studied. Nanovesicles were studied by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy and their aggregates (i.e., gel-like structures) by optical microscopy. Giant polymersomes were formed using drop-on-demand inkjet printing and subsequently observed using an optical microscope. The kosmotropic salts were found to strongly influence both vesicle aggregation and giant vesicle (above 3 μm) formation at high salt concentrations (i.e., ~0.5M for nanovesicle aggregation and 0.23 M for giant polymersomes) where the salting effect dominates. Chaotropic salts have very little effect in both systems. The ionic specificity effect essentially determined the outcome of experiments since the type of anion provides different ion/water/ poly(ethylene oxide) interactions and different osmotic stress values, which can be considered the main driving forces and lead the effects observed in experiments (nanovesicle aggregate experiments and abundant giant vesicle formation experiments). The applications of the present work may be lead to better methodologies to produce gel scaffolds for biomaterials or giant unilamellar polymersomes.
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