“Look to Her for Directions”: Persuasion, Napoleon, and a New National Heroism

( Patricia George ) 한국18세기영문학회 2018 18세기영문학 Vol.15 No.2

Jane Austen’s novels are revered for their comforting portrayal of domestic spaces and romantic love, yet are also often criticized for failing to participate in discourses of national importance. This paper suggests that in her last completed novel, Persuasion, Austen was indeed grappling with large ideological shifts that were playing out around her in both the public and private realms. Drawing on competing concepts of masculinity and heroism in the figures of Napoleon, Lord Byron, and “ordinary” British naval officers in contrast to the traditionally feminine domestic role, Persuasion negotiates the development of a new national character rooted in the rising middle and professional classes informed by a dialectical relationship to a troubling past. Through Anne Elliot’s ability to moderate the excessive ferocity, pride, and sentimentalism in the men around her by virtue of her rational mind and domestically-cultivated managerial skills, Captain Wentworth is refined into an emergent “ordinary” English hero. Together, Anne and Wentworth model an evolving form of civic virtue in the way they relate to each other and to the past. In her hero and heroine’s readiness to go to work for the nation rather than retire to an inherited country estate, Austen allegorizes a commitment to filial and patriotic duty that is no longer based on traditional aristocratic ideals, but on increasingly domestic and democratic ones.

“It's the Real Thing” : How Mad Men Sells America to the World

Patricia George Ewha Institute of English and American Studies 2019 Journal of English and American studies Vol.17 No.2

AMC’s hit television series Mad Men, which ran for seven seasons from 2007 to 2015, is a richly nostalgic return to the “golden age” of America in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Through the central character of Don Draper (Jon Hamm), a Madison Avenue advertising executive and “man’s man” who, despite possessing all the outward trappings of personal and financial success, still somehow can never quite manage to find happiness, Mad Men explores a critical tension between the suburban American Dream and the forces of neoliberal capitalism. Since Mad Men takes advertising as its subject matter and is itself, as an extremely popular primetime television program, both a product to be sold and a focalizer of consumption-orientated audience attention to which real-world product and service advertisements can be attached, it is uniquely useful as a case study through which to examine the effects of the dominant discourses embedded in American television. This paper suggests that Mad Men plays a central role in teaching, reinforcing, naturalizing, and advertising a particular desirable yet highly problematic mythology of Americanness to its own domestic citizenry, and also extends its influence outwards to whichever corner of the globe offers a market for its consumption. Rooted in Manifest Destiny and the trope of the frontier hero, this mythology embraces the individualist, capitalist, and consumerist drives of modern neoliberalism and, when disseminated in the form of “spreadable” television technology and content, serves a particular depoliticizing function. From the opening scene of the pilot episode to the curtain call of Mad Men’s series finale, Don Draper and his colleagues at the Sterling Cooper advertising firm demonstrate again and again how the manipulation of public attention through media changes the way audiences interpret reality.

Gazing from a Distance:Ondaatje’s Divisadero as Cubist Collage

Patricia George 한국아메리카학회 2021 美國學論集 Vol.53 No.1

“Everything is collage,” (16) declares Canadian poet-novelist Michael Ondaatje in his 2007 hybrid narrative Divisadero, and a strong argument can be made for Divisadero taking Pablo Picasso’s 1913 Cubist collage Guitar as its primary framing device. Ondaatje’s methods of adopting and adapting the concepts of a visual medium to the printed page require not only the play of simultaneity and fragmentation that are among his more familiar themes, but also a fresh concern with the spatial and temporal positionality of the reader as a viewer of the novel’s unfolding events. This paper provides a close reading of three predominant images in both Divisadero and Guitar—a guitar, glass, and a blue table—in relation to the precepts of synthetic Cubism, and reinforces the potentiality that interdisciplinary art offers in respect to the complexities of reflection and recognition across differences of form.

How successful is liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases in patients over 75 years old?

Nicholas George Mowbray,Carven Chin,Patricia Duncan,David O’Reilly,Zsolt Kaposztas,Sameer Junnarkar,Nagappan Kumar 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.1

Backgrounds/Aims: As populations age, an increased incidence of colorectal cancer will generate an increase in colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). In order to guide treatment decisions, this study aimed to identify the contemporary complication rates of elderly patients undergoing liver resection for CRLM in a, centralised, UK centre. Methods: All patients undergoing operative procedures for CRLM between January 2013 and January 2019 were included. Patient, tumour and operative data were analysed, including the prognostic marker; tumour burden score. Results: 339 operations were performed on 289 consecutive patients with CRLM (272 patients <75 years old, 67 patients ≥75 years old). Median age was 66 years (range 20-93). There was no difference in major complication rates between the two age cohorts (6.65 vs. 6.0%, p=0.847) or operative mortality (1.1% vs. 1.4%, p=0.794). Younger patients had higher R1 resection rates (20.4% vs. 4.5%, p=0.002) and post-operative chemotherapy rates (60.3% vs. 35.8%, p< 0.001). The 1, 3 and 5-year OS was 90.2%, 70.5% and 52.3% respectively, median 70 months, with no difference between age cohorts (p=0.772). Tumour Burden score and operation type were independent predictors of overall survival. Conclusions: Liver resection for CRLM in patients 75 years and older is feasible, safe and confers a similar 5-year survival rate to younger patients. The current outcomes from surgery are better than historical datasets.

The phylogenetic history of the old world butterfly subtribe Mycalesina extended: the Mycalesis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) of Sri Lanka

Kshanika Goonesekera,Patricia L.M. Lee,George van der Poorten,Gaya R. Ranawaka 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.1

Sri Lanka, together with the Western Ghats, is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, yet little is known about the genetic diversity of the butterflies here. Within the framework of the recently reconstructed molecular phylogeny for the subtribe Mycalesina, we determined the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of the five species of Mycalesis butterflies that are found in Sri Lanka. Sequences of Elongation Factor 1-α (EF1-α), Wingless (Wgl) and the barcode region of the Cytochrome c Oxidase sub unit 1 (COI) were used to confirm the identity of species, to resolve taxonomic queries and to infer the phylogenetic history of the group. Time-calibrated analysis of genetic data suggests that the Mycalesis species that occur in Sri Lanka diverged in the Miocene (5–23 million years ago). The results of phylogenetic analyses confirmed the following; the endemicity of Mycalesis rama to Sri Lanka; the subspecies classification of M. perseus typhlus and, the close sister relationship of the Sri Lankan M. patnia patnia to M. p. junonia of India. However, whether or not M. subdita of Sri Lanka and India are genetically similar remains unknown. Lastly, genetic evidence emerged suggesting that M. mineus forms a cryptic species complex in the Oriental region, and that in Sri Lanka, there may be occasional hybridization between M. mineus and M. perseus. As a case study of island colonization and diversification by the Mycalesis species, this study further extends our understanding of the Old World butterfly subtribe of Mycalesina.

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus : A Preliminary Study in Volunteer Blood Donors

Stevens, Cladd E.,Taylor, Patricia E.,Pindyck, Johanna,Choo, Qui-Lim,Bradley, Daniel W.,Kuo, George,Houghton, Michael MediMedia Korea 1990 JAMA-Korea Vol.5 No.3

Antimutagenic Activity of Berry Extracts

Lyndon L. Larcom,Patricia L. Tate,George Huang,James B. Magee,Kumudini M. Meepagala,David E. Wedge,S. Hope Smith 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.4

Plants are proven sources of useful anti-tumor and chemopreventative compounds. Hence, identification ofphytochemicals useful in dietary prevention and intervention of cancer is of paramount importance. The initial step in the for-mation of cancer is damage to the genome of a somatic cell producing a mutation in an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene.Fresh juices and organic solvent extracts from the fruits of strawberry, blueberry, and raspberry were evaluated for their abil-ity to inhibit the production of mutations by the direct-acting mutagen methyl methanesulfonate and the metabolically acti-vated carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. Juice from strawberry, blueberry, and raspberry fruit significantly inhibited mutagenesiscaused by both carcinogens. Ethanol extracts from freeze-dried fruits of strawberry cultivars (Sweet Charlie and Carlsbad)and blueberry cultivars (Tifblue and Premier) were also tested. Of these, the hydrolyzable tannin-containing fraction fromSweet Charlie strawberries was most effective at inhibiting mutations.