Comparison of Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Repetitive Sequence-Based PCR (rep-PCR) Fingerprinting for Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Broiler in Chiang Mai, Thailand

( Patchanee Prapas ),( Chomporn Chokboonmongkol ),( Karl Hans Zessin ),( Thomas Alter ),( Sarinya Pornaem ),( Nipa Chokesajjawatee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.11

We compared rapid fingerprinting using repetitive sequencebased PCR (rep-PCR) for subtyping Campylobacter jejuni isolates to the widely used multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Representative C. jejuni isolates (n=16) from broilers were analyzed using MLST and rep-PCR. Both techniques demonstrated an equal discriminatory power of 0.8917, and 9 subgroups were identified. Clonal identification of all 16 isolates was identical for both techniques. The rep-PCR as described in this study may be used as a rapid and cost-effective alternative for subtyping of C. jejuni isolates, or as an effective screening tool in large epidemiological studies.

Occurrence and characterization of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig industries of northern Thailand

Prapas Patchanee,Pakpoom Tadee,Orapun Arjkumpa,David Love,Karoon Chanachai,Thomas Alter,Soawapak Hinjoy,Prasit Tharavichitkul 대한수의학회 2014 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.15 No.4

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence oflivestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(LA-MRSA) in pigs, farm workers, and the environment innorthern Thailand, and to assess LA-MRSA isolatephenotypic characteristics. One hundred and four pig farmswere randomly selected from the 21,152 in Chiang Mai andLamphun provinces in 2012. Nasal and skin swab sampleswere collected from pigs and farm workers. Environmentalswabs (pig stable floor, faucet, and feeder) were also collected. MRSA was identified by conventional bacterial culturetechnique, with results confirmed by multiplex PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Herd prevalence of MRSA was9.61% (10 of 104 farms). Among pigs, workers, and farmenvironments, prevalence was 0.68% (two of 292 samples),2.53% (seven of 276 samples), and 1.28% (four of 312 samples),respectively. Thirteen MRSA isolates (seven from workers,four from environmental samples, and two from pigs) wereidentified as Staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec IVsequences type 9. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests found 100% ofthe MRSA isolates resistant to clindamycin, oxytetracycline, andtetracycline, while 100% were susceptible to cloxacillin andvancomycin. All possessed a multidrug- resistant phenotype. This is the first evidence of an LA-MRSA interrelationship among pigs, workers, and the farm environment in Thailand.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunization and castration in male pigs: effects on growth, hormonal levels, antibody titer response, testicular function, back fat, and consumers' sensory perceptions

Yamsakul, Panuwat,Patchanee, Prapas,Yano, Terdsak,Boonma, Thanawish,Somkert, Chalermchart,Sathanawongs, Anucha The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2017 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.57 No.1

This study investigated the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine on pig growth, carcass quality, and sensory perceptions of pork meat by Thai consumers. Male crossbred pigs (n = 30) were separated into three groups of 10 pigs each: boars, immunocastrated pigs, and surgically castrated pigs. The immunocastrated group was immunized at 13 and 19 weeks of age with GnRH vaccine ($400{\mu}g/dose$). All pigs were slaughtered at 24 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected and testes size determined. Testes weight and back fat thickness were recorded at the time of slaughter, and meat samples were collected for sensory assessment by Thai consumers. Testosterone and progesterone concentration levels decreased significantly two weeks after the second dose of GnRH (p < 0.05), and the GnRH antibody titer of the immunocastrated pigs was significantly high two weeks after the second dose of GnRH (p < 0.05). GnRH vaccine significantly reduced the weight and size of testes. Thai consumers reported no significant differences in odor or flavor among meat samples from the three groups. In conclusion, immunocastration improved growth performance, removed the need for castration surgery, and avoided "boar taint" in the meat. It has also no distinct trace of the boar taint same as pork that is currently produced from physically castrated pig which is making it acceptable to consumers.

Reducing Information Redundancy for an International Trade Transaction: A Lean Information Management Approach

Woramol C. Watanabe,Patchanee Patitad 대한산업공학회 2022 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.21 No.2

An international trade transaction is a process to transfer products between different countries. This process requires a particular set of procedures and a wide range of documents and paperwork, which involves many organizations from both sides of the two countries. To identify complexity and redundancy in the processes, lean information manage-ment is applied. Complexity of flow and redundancy of information in the documents are found. They cause unnecessary costs of time and resources in the transaction process. Ponanan et al. (2019) and Srichanthamit and Suto (2019) have proposed an algorithm to reduce the complexity and information redundancy. In their algorithm, redundant information which can be considered as waste information is decreased. However, the distance, which is one of waste motion, when information is delivered from one organization to another, has not been addressed yet. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to include this issue when reducing redundant information. The proposed algorithm ensures information conservation of the flow and a decrease of the distance for receiving the information of each organization in the flow. Furthermore, a case of the exporting process between Thailand and Lao PDR is used to show the ability of the proposed algorithm.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices toward antimicrobial usage: a cross-sectional study of layer and pig farm owners/managers in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Chonburi provinces, Thailand, May 2014 to February 2016

Nuangmek, Aniroot,Rojanasthien, Suvichai,Patchanee, Prapas,Yano, Terdsak,Yamsakul, Panuwat,Chotinun, Suwit,Tadee, Pakpoom The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2018 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.58 No.1

This study aimed at determining the current knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of layer and pig farmers to antimicrobial usage and its consequences. Description of such KAP could provide insights useful for promoting the rational use of antimicrobials in livestock. From May 2014 to February 2016, a survey involving 251 respondents in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Chonburi provinces, Thailand, was conducted by using a validated questionnaire. More than half (51.0%) of the respondents incorrectly believed that antimicrobial drug efficacy could not be reduced by using sub-recommended dosages, 61.2% had misconceptions about non-therapeutic antimicrobial use, and 66.9% inaccurately felt that antimicrobials were also effective for virus and fungi. Over half (50.6-55.2%) did not see the need to follow instructions or advice of veterinarians. Moreover, only 10.4% regularly relied on responses to drugs sensitivity tests when evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobials. Overall, assessment of KAP regarding antimicrobial usage indicated that the majority of respondents had low levels of knowledge of antimicrobials, neutral rather than positive attitudes, and employed poor practices in the use of antimicrobials. The results indicate improvements in KAP could be helpful in developing more effective interventions by farmers, reduce antibiotic usage, and slow the growth of antimicrobial resistance.

Reduction of waterborne microorganisms in treated domestic wastewater for reuse in agriculture

Chalanda Semsayun,Wilai Chiemchaisri,Chart Chiemchaisri,Nopparat Patchanee 대한환경공학회 2015 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.20 No.4

This study aims to investigate the use of a floating media filter (FMF) to eliminate waterborne microorganism in treated domestic wastewater for reuse in agriculture. A conventional sand filter (SF) was used concurrently to compare treated water quality. The total/fecal coliforms and somatic coliphage were employed as fecal indicators. The result showed that the FMF was fed with 3 times higher infiltration rate (15 ㎥/㎡.h) than that in the SF (5 ㎥/㎡.h), in which both filters gave similar coliform removal at 6 hours operation. The somatic coliphage elimination tended to increase with operational time for the FMF while that of the SF showed decreasing trend. When a 24 hour continuous operation was applied for the FMF, it showed better removal of somatic coliphage (78%), fecal coliforms (60%) and total coliforms (56%) than that of 6 hour operation. In conclusion, the FMF gave better performance than the SF did by producing a good quality of treated water for agriculture in terms of waterborne microorganisms including turbidity and suspended solids.

Role of Design Process Based on Expended ADT Model and TTS Method

Kang, Namgyu,Suto, Hidetsugu,Patitad, Patchanee 인제대학교 디자인연구소 2014 Journal of Integrated Design Research (JIDR) Vol.13 No.1

Nowadays, many observing works with regard to their circumstance has become preeminent in design field. From the background, there are many researches about the role and value of observing in design process. However, almost of the research concentrate on only observing the users’ behaviors. Therefore, in this research we discuss how to observe, share with other design team member and apply the observed results to design process more effectively. The purpose of this research is to clarify the following hypothesis: "Observing "Physical factor," "Kansei factor," and "Cultural factor" based on the Extended ADT model with diverse viewpoints, and visualizing and sharing the observed results." This model does not help only to understand users" needs but also to apply the observed results to design process. Therefore, in this research, we discuss 1) the role of observing with diverse viewpoints, 2) the validity of the following three factors, "Physical factor" "Kansei factor", and "Cultural factor" as the subjects of observing, and 3) the improving "TTS method" to visualize and share the observed results, based on several international design workshop as case studies. As the results, the observation from diverse viewpoints is effective to find out users" needs including potential needs which are difficult to be found out through a questionnaire survey. The method to observe "Physical factor," "Kansei factor," and "Cultural factor" also helps to understand users" situation and needs effectively. Moreover, sharing of the visualized observation results with TTS method becomes to be easy to understand other members" thinkings and opinions, and easy to apply the observed results to the design process.

High Resolution Whole Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (wgMLST) Schemes for Salmonella enterica Weltevreden Epidemiologic Investigations

Tadee, Pakpoom,Tadee, Phacharaporn,Hitchings, Matthew D.,Pascoe, Ben,Sheppard, Samuel K.,Patchanee, Prapas The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2018 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Non-typhoidal Salmonella is one of the main pathogens causing food-borne illness in humans, with up to 20% of cases resulting from consumption of pork products. Over the gastroenteritis signs, multidrug resistant Salmonella has arisen. In this study, pan-susceptible phenotypic strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Weltevreden recovered from pig production chain in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2012-2014 were chosen for analysis. The aim of this study was to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) data with an emphasis on antimicrobial resistance gene investigation to assess their pathogenic potential and genetic diversity determination based on whole genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (wgMLST) to expand epidemiological knowledge and to provide additional guidance for disease control. Analyis using ResFinder 3.0 for WGS database tracing found that one of pan-susceptible phenotypic strain carried five classes of resistance genes: aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, phenicol, sulfonamide, and tetracycline associated genes. Twenty four and 36 loci differences were detected by core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) and pan genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (pgMLST), respectively, in two matching strains (44/13 vs A543057 and A543056 vs 204/13) initially assigned by conventional MLST and Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). One hundread percent discriminant ability can be achieved using the wgMLST technique. WGS is currently the ultimate molecular technique for various in-depth studies. As the findings stated above, a new of "gold standard typing method era" for routine works in genome study is being set.

Potential allelopathic effects of Suregada multiflorum and the influence of soil type on its residue's efficacy

Laosinwattana, Chamroon,Boonleom, Chaninat,Teerarak, Montinee,Thitavasanta, Sompop,Charoenying, Patchanee The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2010 Weed Biology and Management Vol.10 No.3

This experiment was conducted to determine the potential allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts and dried leaf powder of Suregada multiflorum and to find the herbicidal effects of its granule on the weed species, barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis), in various growth media (germination paper, sand, and soil). Observations in this study demonstrated that the potential and magnitude of their inhibitory effects varied among the plant parts. The leaves and branches possessed the strongest inhibition levels, followed by the bark. The aqueous extract from the leaves of S. multiflorum had a remarkably stronger inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of slender amaranth, compared with barnyardgrass; when applied at the concentration of 100 $g\;L^{-1}$, it completely inhibited the germination and initial seedling growth of slender amaranth. In addition, all the treatments of the dried leaf powder had stronger inhibition effects than the aqueous extract. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of the dried leaf granule of S. multiflorum were stronger than the effects of the dried leaf powder at equal rates. The degree of inhibitory effect of the S. multiflorum granule, applied in various growing media, can be classified in order of decreasing inhibition as germination paper = sand > clay soil. The present study indicates that the S. multiflorum granule product that was developed in this research has the potential to provide a powerful organic herbicide for controlling slender amaranth.

High Resolution Whole Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (wgMLST) Schemes for Salmonella enterica Weltevreden Epidemiologic Investigations

Pakpoom Tadee,Phacharaporn Tadee,Matthew D. Hitchings,Ben Pascoe,Samuel K. Sheppard,Prapas Patchanee 한국미생물·생명공학회 2018 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Non-typhoidal Salmonella is one of the main pathogens causing food-borne illness in humans, with up to 20% of cases resulting from consumption of pork products. Over the gastroenteritis signs, multidrug resistant Salmonella has arisen. In this study, pan-susceptible phenotypic strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Weltevreden recovered from pig production chain in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2012−2014 were chosen for analysis. The aim of this study was to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) data with an emphasis on antimicrobial resistance gene investigation to assess their pathogenic potential and genetic diversity determination based on whole genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (wgMLST) to expand epidemiological knowledge and to provide additional guidance for disease control. Analyis using ResFinder 3.0 for WGS database tracing found that one of pan-susceptible phenotypic strain carried five classes of resistance genes: aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, phenicol, sulfonamide, and tetracycline associated genes. Twenty four and 36 loci differences were detected by core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) and pan genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (pgMLST), respectively, in two matching strains (44/13 vs A543057 and A543056 vs 204/13) initially assigned by conventional MLST and Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). One hundread percent discriminant ability can be achieved using the wgMLST technique. WGS is currently the ultimate molecular technique for various in-depth studies. As the findings stated above, a new of “gold standard typing method era” for routine works in genome study is being set.