도시자연공원의 주요 등산로 훼손실태 분석 - 대구광역시 앞산공원을 대상으로 -

박인환,이혜영,조광진,장갑수,Park, In-Hwan,Lee, Hea-Young,Cho, Kwang-Jin,Jang, Gab-Sue 한국조경학회 2010 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.38 No.3

본 연구는 대구광역시의 대표적 도시자연공원인 앞산도시자연공원의 주요 계곡인 큰골, 안지랑골, 매자골의 주요 등산로를 대상으로 등산로의 훼손현황, 주연부 식물상을 조사하여 훼손유형분류에 따른 복원방안을 도출하여 보다 쾌적한 도시자연공원이 되도록 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 앞산을 중심으로 조사한 3개의 등산로의 총 9km, 69개 지점에서 등산로 상태를 조사한 결과, 평균등산로 폭이 2.0~2.6m, 뿌리노출이 2,108m(23.4%), 암석노출이 3,199m(35.5%), 노면침식이 3,280m(36.6%), 토양경도가 강견($2.5kg/cm^2$)으로 4,841m(53.8%), 훼손발생지역이 83곳으로 훼손이 심각한 것으로 나타났으며, 등산로 주연부에서 확인된 식물상은 총 79과 206속 306종이었다. 귀화율과 도시화지수는 인간간섭의 정도와 강도를 나타내는 하나의 지표로서 큰골이 각각 7.0%, 5.5%, 안지랑골이 각각 8.3%, 4.5%, 매자골이 각각 8.6%, 6.2%, 전체가 각각 7.8%, 8.3%로 나타났다. 등산로 주변으로 확산되는 훼손의 진행단계와 범위를 파악하기 위한 환경피해도는 5등급 이상의 비율이 큰골이 24.3%, 안지랑골이 17.1%, 매자골이 21.6%로 큰골이 피해가 가장 심했으며, 큰골, 매자골, 안지랑골의 순으로 피해가 심하게 나타났다. 본 조사구간의 환경피해도 결과를 보면 등산로는 이용과밀로 인한 침식과 뿌리노출, 암석노출의 훼손현상이 일어나면서 등산로의 훼손이 점점 심각해지고 확산될 수 있다는 의미로 해석할 수 있다. 따라서 현재의 상태를 방치할 경우 침식이 가속화 될 뿐 아니라 뿌리노출, 암석노출, 노폭확산 등의 피해가 잇따르므로 침식구간의 정비가 시급한 것으로 판단된다. Many trails have been built and utilized in each sub-basin of Apsan Park. This study focused on the conditions and the present flora of several overused trails within three basins called Kun-Gol, Anjiroung-Gol, and Meaja-Gol in Apsan Park. There are two purposes for this study. The first is to make a plan for restoration by classifying the type of damage to these overused trails. The second is to provide preliminary data for reestablishing a more pleasant urban nature park. As a result of the survey, the average length of these trails is 9.0km and mean width is 2.0 to 2.6m. 2,108m of the sections studied(23.4% of the total) had exposed root, 3,199m of the sections studied (35.5% of the total) had exposed rock, 3,270m of the sections studied(36.6% of the total) displayed damaged pathways, and 4,841m of the sections studied (53.8% of the total) had higher soil hardness. Eighty-three areas of deterioration were found and there has been extensive property destruction. As an indication of human disturbances, the Naturalization Index and Urbanization Index appeared as: Kun-Gol, 7.0%, 5.5%; Anjiroung-Gol, 8.3%, 4.5%; Meaja-Gol 8.6%, 6.2%; in total, 7.8%, 8.3%. As a method of checking the level and extent of the damage process, an impact rating classification was used at each point on the trails. Kun-Gol had the highest rating and Anjiroung-Gol had the lowest rating in impact rating classification. With the impact rating classification, it was found that each trail would continue to worsen, meaning that roots and rocks are more likely to be further exposed and the trail width will continue to widen through overuse. An actual plan for reparations and restoration of the trails is needed through further study.

데이터 마이닝 기법을 활용한 스포츠센터 고객 이탈 가능성 예측 모형 개발

박진기,김장환 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for more successful management of defector customers by fitness club through data mining, by seeking defection-based customer segment for fitness club monthly members and forecasting the probabilities of defection. SPSS Clementine's C5.0 decision-making tree analysis, a data mining tool, was utilized to explore defection-based customer segment by fitness club and examine the defection probabilities. Collectively, the above-mentioned findings suggested that age, job, usage type and consumer complaint behavior were the important segmentation variables that affected the defection of the members of a fitness club, and that the rate of prediction based on these variables were very high. In particular, data partition appeared to be remarkably reliable and valid in analyzing and predicting the membership defection. And C5.0 was found to be more effective than Neural Networks, logistic regression analysis or CART in the final stage of developing the fitness club membership defection prediction. Particularly, suggested models of fitness club membership defection prediction, which was drawn up through segmenting the customers according to the classification rules of the decision tree, are Models (1), (2). The fitness club membership defection models developed by C 5.0, a data mining tool, would empower fitness club management or decision makers to prevent membership defection and to manage customers more efficiently. Applying these prediction models to customer management and business strategy, fitness club management or decision makers will be able to maximize the effects of customer-relations marketing. Customer segmentation using the existing customer information would make it possible to figure out the characteristics of those who discontinue their membership. Finally, data mining is necessary in orienting the marketing strategies and activities in the sports consumer market so that they satisfy the actual needs of the market. In this connection, it is confirmed that data mining could be introduced to this market as part of the customer retention marketing efforts.

경제학사와 경제사의 관계

박장환 慶北大學校 經濟經營硏究所 2002 經商論集 Vol.30 No.1

오스트리아학파 방법론의 성격과 발전과정 : 멩거와 미제스/하이예크간의 연속성을 중심으로 Focused on Continuity between Menger and Mises/Hayek

박장환 慶北大學校出版部 1998 經商論集 Vol.26 No.2

국소 광적응 기능을 가지는 윤곽검출용 32×32 방사형 CMOS 시각칩의 설계 및 제조

박대식,박종호,김경문,이수경,김현수,김정환,이민호,신장규 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.2

국소 광적응 기능을 가지는 윤곽검출용 시각칩을 픽셀수 32x32의 방사형 구조로 CMOS 공정기술을 이용하여 설계 및 제조하였다. 생체의 망막은 넓은 범위의 입력 광강도에 대해서 물체의 윤곽을 검출할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 시세포, 수평세포, 쌍극세포로 이루어진 망막의 윤곽검출 기능을 모델링하여 윤곽검출용 인공시각칩을 설계하였다. 국소 광적응을 위해, 입력 광강도에 따라 수용야의 크기를 국소적으로 바뀌게 하였다. 아울러 단위셀을 방사형으로 배치함으로써 영상데이터의 양을 감소시킴과 동시에 칩의 중심부분으로 갈수록 해상도가 높아지도록 설계하였다. 설계된 칩은 0.6 ㎛ double-poly triple-metal 표준 CMOS 공정기술을 이용하여 제조되었으며. HSPICE 시뮬레이션으로 성능을 최적화 시켰다. A 32x32 pixels foveated (linear-polar) stucture retina chip with the function of local-light adaptation for edge detection has been designed and fabricated using CMOS technology. Human retina can detect a wide range of light intensity. In this study, we use the biologically-inspired visual signal processing mechanism that consists of photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells in order to implement the function of edge detection in the retina chip. For a local-light adaptive function, the size of receptive field is changed locally according to the input light intensity. The spatial distribution of sensing pixels in the foveated retina chip has the advantages of selective reduction of image data and good resolution in central part to carry out the elaborate image processing with still enough resolution in the outer parts. The designed chip has been fabricated using standard 0.6 ㎛ double-poly triple-metal CMOS technology and optimized using HSPICE simulator.

필드버스를 이용한 수위제어에 대한 연구

박장환 안성산업대학교 2002 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

The Level control of small water tank is applied by using PC based Control based on Interbus in this research. PC based Control which is very closed relationship to IEC 61131-3 PLC language is very important for matching between task and cycling time. Memory allocation and task management at contact control of level are compared and analyzed by using the ladder and Function Block of IEC 61131-3 PLC language

필드버스의 성능측정에 대한 연구

박장환 한경대학교 2003 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The evaluation of performance for fieldbus system is analysed in this paper. Generally the evaluation of performance exist both mathematical analyses of the model and the method of benchmarking for fieldbus system. In this paper method of benchmarking-analyses is proposed and the important parameter such as cycle time for profibus was tested in benchmarking-experiment.

Kalman-Szego-보조정리의 응용에 의한 제한된 제어입력을 위한 보상기 설계

박장환,이용구,엄기환 동국대학교 자연과학연구원 1995 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

In this paper a method for design in order to use control input due to the saturation is proposed. This is done by designing a linear controller with the good property for reference input and control output without considering saturation or partially considering the saturation and is done by setting up a compensation loop which compensates for the lost portion of control input due to saturation. The Lyapunov function constructed by using the Kalman-Szego-Lemma was guaranteed for the stability problem arising due to the nonlinerarity of a compensation loop when a compensator is designed. Also, it is shown that this Lyapunov function was satisfied for Riccati equation.

<경제표>의 현대적 형식과 중농학파의 역할

박장환 경북대학교 경제경영연구소 2006 經商論集 Vol.33 No.1

MOSFET의 부정합에 의한 출력옵셋 제거기능을 가진 윤곽검출용 시각칩의 설계

박종호,김정환,이민호,신장규 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.5

인간의 망막은 효율적으로 주어진 물체의 윤곽을 검출할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 윤곽검출에 관여하는 망막 세포의 기능을 전자회로로 모델링하여 윤곽검출기능을 가지는 CMOS 시각칩을 설계하였다. CMOS 제조공정 중에는 여러 가지 요인에 의해 MOSFET의 특성이 변화할 수 있으며 특히 어레이로 구성되어 각 픽셀의 신호를 출력하는 readout 회로에서의 특성변화는 출력옵셋으로 나타난다. 하드웨어로 입력영상의 윤곽을 검출하는 시각칩은 다른 응용시스템의 입력단에 사용되므로 이러한 옵셋은 전체 시스템의 성능을 결정하는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 출력단의 옵셋을 제거하기 위해 CDS(Correlated Double Sampling) 회로를 이용한 윤곽 검출용 시각칩을 설계하였다 설계된 시각칩은 CMOS 표준공정을 이용하여 다른 회로와 집적화가 가능하며, 기존의 시각칩보다 신뢰성 있는 출력특성을 나타냄으로써, 물체의 윤곽을 이용하는 물체추적, 지문인식, 인간 친화적 로봇시스템등의 다양한 응용 시스템의 입력단으로 적용될 수 있을 것이다. Human retina is able to detect the edge of an object effectively. We designed a CMOS vision chip by modeling cells of the retina as hardwares involved in edge detection. There are several fluctuation factors which affect characteristics of MOSFETs during CMOS fabrication process and this effect appears as output offset of the vision chip which is composed of pixel arrays and readout circuits. The vision chip detecting edge information from input image is used for input stage of other systems. Therefore, the output offset of a vision chip determine the efficiency of the entire performance of a system. In order to eliminate the offset at the output stage, we designed a vision chip by using CDS(Correlated Double Sampling) technique. Using standard CMOS process, it is possible to integrate with other circuits. Having reliable output characteristics, this chip can be used at the input stage for many applications, like targe tracking system, fingerprint recognition system, human-friendly robot system and etc.