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Balakrishnan, P.,Song, C. K.,Jahn, A.,Cho, H. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Pharmaceutical research Vol.33 No.1
<P>To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of ceramide or trimethylphytosphingosine-iodide (TMP-I) containing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) prepared using trymyristin, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and Pluronic P85 (P85) for intravenous delivery of docetaxel. Docetaxel-loaded SLNs using ceramide or TMP-I at 3.22% (w/w) with a mean diameter of 89-137 nm were successfully prepared by high pressure homogenization. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, drug content, and TEM analysis. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity were studied using adriamycin-resistant breast cancer (MCF-7/ADR) cells. The optimized formulation's dissolution profile, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor effect in mice tumor model were compared with that of control (Taxotere(A (R))). The drug release rate of docetaxel from SLNs was lower than that of control (Taxotere(A (R))). The prepared SLNs showed higher cellular uptake of docetaxel compared to that of Taxotere(A (R)) in MCF-7/ADR cell lines, which was further confirmed by the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) study using coumarin 6 (C6). Prepared SLNs exhibited significantly increased antitumor efficacy, compared to Taxotere(A (R)), in MCF-7/ADR cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats (at 10 mg/kg dose) showed that the SLNs significantly reduced in vivo clearance of drug than Taxotere(A (R)). Interestingly, ceramide and TMP-I SLNs efficiently inhibited the tumor growth compared to Taxotere(A (R)) in MCF-7/ADR tumor xenografted mouse model. This work showed that TMP-I and ceramide SLNs not only significantly enhanced systemic exposure of drug, but also increased antitumor efficacy compared to Taxotere(A (R)) and control SLN.</P>
Connected edge detour monophonic number of a graph
P. Titus,P. Balakrishnan,A. P. Santhakumaran,K. Ganesamoorthy 장전수학회 2013 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.16 No.4
Connected edge detour monophonic number of a graph
Balakrishnan, A.,Panigrahi, B.B.,Sanosh, K.P.,Chu, Min-Cheol,Kim, T.N.,Cho, Seong-Jai Elsevier 2009 Journal of materials processing technology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This work attempts to improve the mechanical properties of alumina-10wt% zirconia (3mol% yttria stabilized) composite by infiltrating a glass (magnesium aluminum silicate glass) of lower thermal expansion on the surface at high temperature. The glass improved the strength of the composite at room temperature as well as at higher temperatures. There was a significant improvement in the Weibull modulus after the glass infiltration. Glass-infiltrated samples showed better thermal shock resistance. The magnitude of strength increment was found to be in the order of the surface residual stress generated by thermo-elastic properties mismatch between the composite and the infiltrated glass.</P>
Balakrishnan, G,Thirumurugesan, R,Mohandas, E,Sastikumar, D,Kuppusami, P,Songl, J I American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.14 No.10
<P>Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrates at an optimized oxygen partial pressure of 3 x 10(-3) mbar at room temperature by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The films were characterized by high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The HTXRD pattern showed the cubic y-Al2O3 phase in the temperature range 300-973 K. At temperatures 1073 K, the δ and θ-phases of Al2O3 were observed. The mean linear thermal expansion coefficient and volume thermal expansion coefficient of γ-Al2O3 was found to be 12.66 x 10(-6) K(-1) and 38.87 x 10(-6) K(-1) in the temperature range 300 K-1073 K. The field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a smooth and structureless morphology of the films deposited on Si (100). The atomic force microscopy study indicated the increased crystallinity and surface roughness of the films after annealing at high temperature.</P>
Pressureless Sintering of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite at Different Temperatures
K. P. Sanosh,추민철,A. Balakrishnan,김택남,조성재 대한금속·재료학회 2010 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.16 No.4
In this work, the sintering behaviour of hydroxyapatite (HA) at different temperatures was studied. Nano HA powders synthesized by sol-gel technique were uniaxially pressed at 30 MPa into pellets and cold isostatically pressed at 200 MPa. The pellets were sintered in air at temperatures ranging from 900 °C to 1400 °C with a holding time of 2 h. It was observed that, at a sintering temperature of 1200 °C when the material was composed of pure HA phase, the samples exhibited densities of > 98.5 % of the theoretical value and possessed a hardness value of 5.89 GPa. Decomposition of HA into the secondary phases of TCP and CaO was found to occur at 1300 °C and 1400 °C, respectively. Changes in the microstructure, relative density and hardness of the sintered HA ceramics with the sintering temperature were also analyzed. The variation in the hardness was found to be dependent on the relative density up to a threshold grain size limit of 2 μm. However,beyond this threshold, no correlation existed between the two properties. Porosity and grain size were found to play an important role in determining the properties of the sintered HA compacts.
Paper : Study of Al2O3/ZrO2 (5 nm/20nm) Nanolaminate Composite
( G Balakrishnan ),( A Wasy ),( Ha Sun Ho ),( P Sudhakara ),( S I Bae ),( J I Song ) 한국복합재료학회 2013 Composites research Vol.26 No.1
A nanolaminate consisting of alternate layers of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) (5 nm) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) (20 nm) was deposited at an optimized oxygen partial pressure of 3×10-2 mbar by pulsed laser deposition. The nanolaminate film was analysed using high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) to study phase transition and thermal expansion behaviour. The surface morphology was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). High temperature X-ray diffraction indicated the crystallization temperature of tetragonal zirconia in the Al2O3/ZrO2 multilayer -film was 873 K. The mean linear thermal expansion coefficient of tetragonal ZrO2 was 4.7×10-6 K-1 along a axis, while it was 13.68×10-6 K-1 along c axis in the temperature range 873-1373 K. The alumina was in amorphous nature. The FESEM studies showed the formation of uniform crystallites of zirconia with dense surface.
Pushpa Balakrishnan,B. Baskaran,S. Vivekanan,P. Gokul 대한전자공학회 2023 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.12 No.6
Binarized spiking neural networks optimized with a color harmony algorithm for liver cancer classification (BSNN-CHA-LCC) are proposed to classify liver cancer as normal and abnormal. Initially, fusion of an MRI dataset and CT-scan datasets of a liver cancer dataset were taken, and the input images were given to CWF-based preprocessing for removing noise and increasing the quality of input computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The preprocessed images of CT and MRI are given to improve the non-sub sampled Shearlet transform (INSST) method-based feature extraction for extracting features. The extracted features were given BSNN to classify liver cancer as normal and abnormal. The proposed method was implemented, and the efficiency of the proposed BSNN-CHA-LCC method was evaluated under performance metrics, such as precision, sensitivity, F-scores, specificity, accuracy, error rate, and computational time. The proposed technique achieved23.03%, 11.56%, and 21.22% higher accuracy and 36.12%, 15.23%, and 27.11% lower error rates than the existing models, such as hybrid-feature analysis depending on machine-learning for liver cancer categorization utilizing fused images (MLP-LCC), Deep learning-based classification of liver cancer histopathology images utilizing only global labels (mask-RCNN-LCC), and deep learning based liver cancer identification utilizing watershed transform and Gaussian mixture method (DNN-GMM-LCC), respectively.