http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Shehzad, Omer,Kim, Hyun Pyo,Kim, Yeong Shik Springer-Verlag 2013 Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol.405 No.13
<P>Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) has been one of the most popular herbs used for nutritional and medicinal purposes by the people of eastern Asia for thousands of years. Ginsenosides, the mostly widely studied chemical components of ginseng, are quite different depending on the processing method used. A number of studies demonstrate the countercurrent chromatography (CCC) separation of ginsenosides from several sources; however, there is no single report demonstrating a one-step separation of all of these ginsenosides from different sources. In the present study, we have successfully developed an efficient CCC separation methodology in which the flow-rate gradient technique was coupled with a new solvent gradient dilution strategy for the isolation of ginsenosides from Korean white (peeled off dried P. ginseng) and red ginseng (steam-treated P. ginseng). The crude samples were initially prepared by extraction with butanol and were further purified with CCC using solvent gradients composed of methylene chloride-methanol-isopropanol-water (different ratios, v/v). Gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector was used to analyze the components of the two-phase solvent mixture. Each phase solvent mixture was prepared without presaturation, which saves time and reduces the solvent consumption. Finally, 13 ginsenosides have been purified from red ginseng with the new technique, including Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, Rg6, and F4. Meanwhile, eight ginsenosides have been purified from white ginseng, including Rg1, Re, Rf, Rh1, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd by using a single-solvent system. Thus, the present technique could be used for the purification of ginsenosides from all types' ginseng sources. To our knowledge, this is the first report involving the separation of ginsenoside Rg2 and Rg6 and the one-step separation of thirteen ginsenosides from red ginseng by CCC.</P>
Omer Shehzad,In Jin Ha,Sung Ho Son,Youmie Park,Yeong Shik Kim 한국당과학회 2011 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Ginsenosides are well-known major components isolated from the radix of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, known as Korean ginseng, having diverse biological activities. They have recently gained much attention for their biomedical applications. In the present work, a fast and simple method for the separation and purification of 8 ginsenosides from Panax ginseng by counter current chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (CCC-ELSD) was successfully established. The crude samples for CCC separation were first purified from ginseng extract using a macroporous resin. The extract was loaded onto a Diaion-HP20 column and fractionated by methanol and water gradient elution. The ginsenosides-triols and diols fractions were subsequently eluted with 65% & 80% methanol and water gradient elution, respectively. Furthermore, these two fractions were separated by CCC-ELSD. The two phase solvent system used for separation was composed of chloroform-methanol-water-isopropanol at a volume ratio of 4:3:2:1. Each fraction obtained was collected and dried, which yielded eight ginsenosides namely, Rg1, Re, Rf, Rh1, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 & Rd. The purity of these ginsenosides was more than 97% assessed by HPLC-ELSD system, and their structures were characterized by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. This is the first report regarding the CCC separation of ginsenosides Rh1, Rb2 & Rc from Panax ginseng.
Khan, Salman,Shehzad, Omer,Lee, Kyoung Jin,Tosun, Alev,Kim, Yeong Shik Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.11
<P>Seseli is a herb widely used for its anti-inflammation, anti-flatulence and various other healing properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of samidin on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that samidin significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide, as well as the gene expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. The results from an electrophoretic mobility shift assay illustrated that samidin significantly suppressed NF-κB and AP-1 DNA-binding affinity. In addition, both the NF-κB subunit p65 and the AP-1-related c-jun were markedly inhibited by samidin. The time course experiment demonstrated that samidin showed significant inhibitory effect on p38 and JNK activation. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA level were remarkably down-regulated by samidin in LPS-stimulated macrophages based on quantitative-real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results suggested that samidin has a potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for various inflammatory diseases.</P>
Khan, Salman,Shehzad, Omer,Jin, Hong-Guang,Woo, Eun-Rhan,Kang, Sam Sik,Baek, Sa Wang,Kim, Jinwoong,Kim, Yeong Shik American ChemicalSociety and AmericanSociety of Ph 2012 Journal of natural products Vol.75 No.1
<P>Phytochemical investigation of Leonurus japonicus has led to the isolation of a labdane diterpene derivative, 15,16-epoxy-3 alpha-hydroxylabda-8,13(16),14-trien-7-one (1), which was tested for its in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. The results demonstrated that 1 exhibits an inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory action shown by 1 suppressed LPS-induced NE-kappa B activation, resulting in the down-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression, attributable to the inhibitory action of LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) production. Compound 1 inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation and the degradation of inhibitory kappa B (I kappa B alpha) and decreased the nuclear translocation of p50 and p65. In addition, 1 exhibited an inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NE-kappa B-DNA and AP-1-DNA binding activity, using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay with NE-kappa B- and AP-1-specific P-32-labeled probes. The LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (p-JNK, p-p38, and p-ERK) and p-Akt were inhibited after 30 and 10 min of LPS stimulation, respectively. In addition, TNF-alpha production was suppressed by 1.</P>
Je Hyeong Lee,Omer Shehzad,Sung Kwon Ko,Yeong Shik Kim,Hyun Pyo Kim 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3
Background: The present study was designed to prepare and find the optimum active preparation or fraction from Korea Red Ginseng inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression, because MMP-13 is a pivotal enzyme to degrade the collagen matrix of the joint cartilage. Methods: From total red ginseng ethanol extract, n-BuOH fraction (total ginsenoside-enriched fraction), ginsenoside diol-type-enriched fraction (GDF), and ginsenoside triol-type-enriched fraction (GTF) were prepared, and ginsenoside diol type-/F4-enriched fraction (GDF/F4) was obtained from Panax ginseng leaf extract. Results: The n-BuOH fraction, GDF, and GDF/F4 clearly inhibited MMP-13 expression compared to interleukin-1b-treated SW1353 cells (human chondrosarcoma), whereas the total extract and ginsenoside diol-type-enriched fraction did not. In particular, GDF/F4, the most effective inhibitor, blocked the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun-activated protein kinase (JNK), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1/2 (STAT-1/2) among the signal transcription pathways involved. Further, GDF/F4 also inhibited the glycosaminoglycan release from interleukin-1a-treated rabbit cartilage culture (30.6% inhibition at 30 μg/mL). Conclusion: Some preparations from Korean Red Ginseng and ginseng leaves, particularly GDF/F4, may possess the protective activity against cartilage degradation in joint disorders, and may have potential as new therapeutic agents.
Je Hyeong Lee,Omer Shehzad,고성권,김영식,김현표 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.1
Background: The present study was designed to prepare and find the optimum active preparation orfraction from Korea Red Ginseng inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression, becauseMMP-13 is a pivotal enzyme to degrade the collagen matrix of the joint cartilage. Methods: From total red ginseng ethanol extract, n-BuOH fraction (total ginsenoside-enriched fraction),ginsenoside diol-type-enriched fraction (GDF), and ginsenoside triol-type-enriched fraction (GTF) wereprepared, and ginsenoside diol type-/F4-enriched fraction (GDF/F4) was obtained from Panax ginseng leafextract. Results: The n-BuOH fraction, GDF, and GDF/F4 clearly inhibited MMP-13 expression compared tointerleukin-1b-treated SW1353 cells (human chondrosarcoma), whereas the total extract and ginsenosidediol-type-enriched fraction did not. In particular, GDF/F4, the most effective inhibitor, blocked theactivation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun-activated protein kinase (JNK), andsignal transducer and activator of transcription-1/2 (STAT-1/2) among the signal transcription pathwaysinvolved. Further, GDF/F4 also inhibited the glycosaminoglycan release from interleukin-1a-treatedrabbit cartilage culture (30.6% inhibition at 30 mg/mL). Conclusion: Some preparations from Korean Red Ginseng and ginseng leaves, particularly GDF/F4, maypossess the protective activity against cartilage degradation in joint disorders, and may have potential asnew therapeutic agents.