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Biotechnological overview of agriculturally important endophytic fungi
Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke,Olubukola Oluranti Babalola 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.4
The many fascinating aspects of biotechnology in endophytic studies not only concern their interactions with plants but their potential as key players driving the synthesis of certain biomolecules that enhance plant growth, immunity, and protection against environmental stresses. A high microbial population inhabits the rhizosphere due to rhizodeposition and root exudate secretions. The rhizoplane forms a barrier that selectively screens the types of microorganisms infiltrating the root tissues with well-developed hyphae for successful colonization and establishment of endophytic communities within the plant tissues. Fungal endophytes contribute to the physiological and metabolic functions in the host plants, such as nutrient acquisition, nitrogen fixation, and control of plant pathogens. They also contribute to plant growth via complex mechanisms: mutualism or antagonism. The molecular methods of studying these endophytes have provided salient information for harnessing their potential for possible applications in improving agricultural productivity. Despite this, only a small fraction of endophytes have been isolated and explored. Hence, the metagenomic approach has revealed more insights into the endophytic structural diversity and functions for the detection of novel traits that can easily be genetically manipulated for various agricultural and industrial applications. Furthermore, biotechnological applications of biofertilizer from endophytic fungi help ensure a safe environment and aid in the development of agriculturally friendly processes for improved crop yields and productivity.
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Perspectives for sustainable agriculture from the microbiome in plant rhizosphere
Nwachukwu Blessing Chidinma,Babalola Olubukola Oluranti 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.3
The ever-growing human population globally has resulted in the quest for solutions to the problem of hunger by providing food security. The importance of plant-root-associated microorganisms cannot be overlooked, plants rely on them. These root colonizers dominate the rhizosphere due to the abundance of available nutrients, relying on their host plant for nutrients and other essential requirements. The relationships between microbial communities and plants are controlled by the type of plant and microorganism involved. Advances in modern molecular techniques have led to the evolution of omic technology using nucleic acid molecules to study plant-microorganism associations capable of stimulating plant growth, improve yield, and induce disease suppression. This review elucidates the activities of microbial communities, especially nitrogen-fxing rhizobacteria associated with plant roots, nitrogen fxation as a mechanism of promoting plant growth, their importance, and the challenges employing bioinoculants. Prospecting plant growth promoters using omic technology will advance sustainable agriculture globally.
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Prevalence of Mycotoxins and Their Consequences on Human Health
Omotayo, Oluwadara Pelumi,Omotayo, Abiodun Olusola,Mwanza, Mulunda,Babalola, Olubukola Oluranti Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.1
Mycotoxin contamination is a global phenomenon and causes a wide array of negative effects and other complications. This study focused on commonly found mycotoxins in Africa and the possible means of prevention or reduction of their contaminating effects. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of mold and fungi; they are generally toxic to living organisms. Hundreds of mycotoxins have been identified thus far, with some, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, and patulin, considered agro-economically important. Several factors contribute to the presence of mycotoxins in food, such as climatic conditions, pest infestation, and poor harvest and storage practices. Exposure to mycotoxins, which occurs mostly by ingestion, leads to various diseases, such as mycotoxicoses and mycoses that may eventually result in death. In light of this, this review of relevant literature focuses on mycotoxin contamination, as well as various methods for the prevention and control of their prevalence, to avert its debilitating consequences on human health. Clear evidence of mycotoxin contamination is present in Africa, and it was therefore recommended that adequate prevention and control of these toxic substances in our food system should be encouraged and that appropriate measures must be taken to ensure food safety as well as the enhanced or long-lifespan of the African populace. Governments, research institutions, and non-governmental organizations should tailor the limited resources available to tackle mycotoxin prevalence, as these will offer the best prospects for successful development of a sustainable food system in Africa.
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Prevalence of Mycotoxins and Their Consequences on Human Health
Oluwadara Pelumi Omotayo,Abiodun Olusola Omotayo,Mulunda Mwanza,Olubukola Oluranti Babalola 한국독성학회 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.1
Mycotoxin contamination is a global phenomenon and causes a wide array of negative effects and other complications. This study focused on commonly found mycotoxins in Africa and the possible means of prevention or reduction of their contaminating effects. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of mold and fungi; they are generally toxic to living organisms. Hundreds of mycotoxins have been identified thus far, with some, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, and patulin, considered agro-economically important. Several factors contribute to the presence of mycotoxins in food, such as climatic conditions, pest infestation, and poor harvest and storage practices. Exposure to mycotoxins, which occurs mostly by ingestion, leads to various diseases, such as mycotoxicoses and mycoses that may eventually result in death. In light of this, this review of relevant literature focuses on mycotoxin contamination, as well as various methods for the prevention and control of their prevalence, to avert its debilitating consequences on human health. Clear evidence of mycotoxin contamination is present in Africa, and it was therefore recommended that adequate prevention and control of these toxic substances in our food system should be encouraged and that appropriate measures must be taken to ensure food safety as well as the enhanced or long-lifespan of the African populace. Governments, research institutions, and non-governmental organizations should tailor the limited resources available to tackle mycotoxin prevalence, as these will offer the best prospects for successful development of a sustainable food system in Africa.
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