Chemical pollution of indoor air in Japan

Ogawa,Takehiko 대한환경위생공학회 2000 대한환경위생공학회 심포지움 Vol.- No.-

Finding Factors as Predictors of Children’s Well-being Focusing On Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Analysis Results of the “Survey on Children’s Daily Life Among Eight Asian Countries 2021”

Junko Ogawa(Junko Ogawa ),Seiko Mochida(Seiko Mochida ),Haruo Kimura(Haruo Kimura ),Aiping Liu(Aiping Liu ),Yoichi Sakakihara(Yoichi Sakakihara ) The Pacific Early Childhood Education Research Ass 2024 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.18 No.1

This study aimed to obtain implications on childrearing and childcare practices for achieving children's well-being through analyzing factors predicting children's well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight Asian countries. We primarily focused on “resilience,” the ability to cope with and recover from difficult situations, which had been confirmed from previous studies as a positive factor towards children’s development in the context of hardships. We also chose other potential predictors referring to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, including mothers’ concerns about COVID-19, household income, number of playmates, support from childcare facilities/schools, family environments, and children’s lifestyles, and examined how these predictor variables predict children’s well-being. We found that children’s resilience strongly predicted their well-being, which was common in all eight countries. Family factors and children's daily life factors were also associated with children's well-being. The country-specific analysis also indicated the importance of support from childcare facilities/schools on well-being. Well-being and resilience are both psychological constructs and often studied as important indicators of child health. Resilience has been spot-lighted as an effective protective factor for children experiencing adversities such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We have found that resilience was the strongest predictor of well-being among other factors even during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dilutant flow characteristics model of coarse particle suspensions with uniform size distribution

Ookawara, Shinichi,Ogawa, Kohei The Korean Society of Rheology 2003 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.15 No.1

It is expected that particle size distribution of any portion obtained through screening, is of more uniform than that of the original mixture, typically following such as log-normal, Rosin-Rammler distributions and so on. In this study, therefore, a new relation between parameters of the uniform distribution and flow characteristics of the coarse particle suspensions is derived based on the continuous polydisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa, 2002b), which is derived from the discrete polydisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa,2002a). The derived model equation predicts a linear increase of viscosity with shear rate, viz., dilutant flow characteristics. Further, the increase of viscosity is expected to be proportional to the square of volume fraction of particles, and to show the linear dependency on density and average diameter of particles. It is also shown that the uniform distribution model includes additional term that expresses the effect of distribution width. For verification of the model, the experimental results of Clarke (1967) are cited as well as in our previous work for the monodisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa,2000) since most parameters were varied independently in his work. It is suggested that the newly introduced term expands the applicable range compared with the monodisperse model.

Lateral nasal advancement flap for reconstruction of the nasal sidewall and dorsum

Ogawa, Yutaka,Ogawa, Yasuko Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2020 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.47 No.1

Malignant skin tumors and precancerous lesions have a predilection to be located in the nasal dorsum or sidewall. Although invasive reconstructions have been presented, no simple and suitable method has yet been reported for this area. The flap presented herein, named the lateral nasal advancement flap, is designed on the adjacent lateral region of the sidewall or nasal dorsum and advanced in the medial direction. Two Burow's triangles are removed in the upper and lower portions of the flap: the upper triangle along the nasofacial sulcus and the lower triangle along the nasofacial sulcus and/or the alar groove. Excellent results were obtained in the two clinical cases described in this report. Neither a trap door deformity nor dog-ears developed in either case. The postsurgical scars followed the aesthetic lines and became inconspicuous. A distinct angle was formed in the nasofacial sulcus without anchor sutures. This surgical procedure is technically simple and is performed under local anesthesia. Although the flap is a cheek-based advancement flap, postsurgical scars do not remain in the cheek; instead, they are located in the nasofacial sulcus and alar groove. The lateral nasal advancement flap is recommended for reconstruction of the nasal sidewall and dorsum.

Declining Japanese Yen in the Changing International Monetary System

EIJI OGAWA,Makoto Muto 대외경제정책연구원 2017 East Asian Economic Review Vol.21 No.4

The US dollar has kept as a position of key currency in the global economy in the changing international monetary system where the euro was introduced to some states of the EU in 1999. It is an evidence of inertia of the US dollar as a key currency. Our previous study (Ogawa and Muto, 2017b) conducted empirical analysis to investigate effects of several events on inertia of the US dollar. One of our findings was that the introduction of the euro increased utility of euro while utility of US dollar was kept unchanged. This paper examines the effects of the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis as well as the introduction of the euro on the utility of the Japanese yen. The introduction of the euro significantly decreased the utility of the Japanese yen. It indicates that the introduction of the euro increased the utility of the euro while reducing the utility of the Japanese yen rather than the utility of the US dollar. The utility of the Japanese yen has significantly decreased while the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis occurred. The Japanese yen has a declining trend in terms of its utility over time in the changing international monetary system.

Effects of FRB’s Raising Interest Rates on Regional Currencies and Regional Monetary Cooperation: A Case of East Asia

Eiji Ogawa 한국APEC학회 2018 Journal of APEC Studies Vol.10 No.1

This paper bases on empirical results of Ogawa and Wang (2016) to investigate impacts of US interest rate hikes on East Asian currencies and to discuss an issue on directions of regional monetary and financial cooperation. A VAR model was used to make empirical analyses of effects of increases in interest rates in the United States on interest rates and exchange rates of East Asian currencies. We have important empirical results that East Asian countries without any capital controls would face both upward pressure on their domestic interest rates and depreciation of their home currencies when the FRB raises the interest rates. Moreover, we have an interesting result that a change in interest rates in the United States gave an asymmetric effect among East Asian currencies. Higher interest rates in the United States increase interest rates in emerging East Asian countries while interest rates in Japan are kept at a lower level. The widening interest differentials stimulate speculative carry trades to appreciate the emerging East Asian currencies against the Japanese yen. We discuss a regional monetary cooperation in order to mitigate these turbulences. Given that the FRB’s raising interest rates will give the turbulences to regional currencies, the monetary authorities of the regional countries should prepare for any crisis prevention by making surveillance over movements in interest rates and exchange rates as well as sudden changes in capital flows as well as crisis managements by establishing currency swap arrangements among the regional countries.

War and Peace in the Iliad and the Aeneid

Ogawa Masahiro 韓國西洋古典學會 2009 西洋古典學硏究 Vol.36 No.-

이 글은 그리스-로마의 서사시들에 나타난 전쟁과 평화에 대한 생각을 분석하는 논문이다. 이를 위해서 논문은 호메로스의 〈일리아스〉와 베르길리우스의〈아이네이스〉의 전쟁에 대한 견해를 분석하였다. 단적으로 〈일리아스〉에서의 전쟁은, 비록 그것이 개별 전사들이 명예와 영광을 획득하기 위한 공간으로 묘사되고 있긴 하지만, 그럼에도 전쟁은 수많은 사람들에게 정신적이든 신체적이든 숱한 고통의 근원인 동시에 신들과 우주사적인 운명에 의해서 결정된 인간 존재의 피하기 어려운 그리고 견디기엔 너무도 가혹한 조건으로 파악된다고 할 수 있으며, 전쟁은 앞으로도 지속될 것이라는 점이 핵심이다. 또한 〈일리아스〉의 전쟁 묘사는 평화와 관련된 여러 장면들이 서사되고 있음을 언급해야 하는데, 이는 직유와 같은 비유법을 통해서 혹은 병사들의 죽음 방식에 대한 표현들에서 잘 드러난다. 이와 관련해서 특히 주목해야 할 장면은 〈일리아스〉 18 권의 아킬레스의 방패 안에 그림에 대한 보고일 것이다. 이 보고를 통해서 우리는 방패에 묘사된 평화의 장면이 무엇을 의미하는지에 물음을 던질 수 있는데, 이에 대한 직접적인 답은 아마도 이 방패를 보유한 아킬레우스가 헥토르를 죽일 것이고 아울러 트로이를 몰락으로 이끌 것이며 하지만 궁극적으로는 아킬레우스 자신을 파멸의 길로 이끌 것이라는 점이다. 이 점이 결론적으로 전쟁을 통해서 우리가 결정적으로 잃게 되고 상실하게 되는 것이 무엇인지를 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 이런 의미에서 아킬레우스의 방패는 전쟁과 평화 사이에 있는 극복할 수 없는 간극을 여실하게 보여주는 비극이다. 로마의 서사시 〈아이네이스〉도 마찬가지로 비극적 서사시이다. 이는 의심의 여지가 없는 사실이다. 하지만 이 작품이 보여주는 전쟁과 평화의 관계-양상은〈일리아스〉와는 크게 다르다. 〈아이네이스〉 전반부에서 묘사되는 주인공 아이네아스의 모습은 삶의 상호 상반된 양극의 대척 점 사이를 방황하는 방랑자의 그것이다. 참혹한 파멸을 경험한 아이네아스에게 전통적인 영웅에 대한 생각은 그다지 큰 효력을 가지고 있는 가치가 아니다. 특히 〈아이네이스〉에서 트로이가 몰락하던 마지막 날의 참혹한 전쟁의 광기에 대한 묘사는 전쟁 영웅에 대한 비판적 반성을 반영하고 있는 데, 이는 망명의 방황과 방랑 중에서 아이네아스가 갈구하고 바라는 평화에의 기원에서 잘 나타난다. 크레테, 시칠리아. 카르타고 등의 여러 망명-피난지를 떠돌면서 구했던 평화로운 정착지에 대한 열망은 이를 잘 보여준다. 물론 환상과 착각으로 드러나지만 말이다. 이러한 경험들은 이탈리아에서 벌어지게 될 미래의 전쟁과 평화를 예견토록 하는 것들이기도 하다. 그런데 아이네아스는 무녀 시빌라의 예언을 듣게 되고, 하계에서는 아버지 앙케세스를 만나게 되는데, 이러한 만남을 통해서 아이네아스는 전쟁에 대한 새로운 생각과 시각을 가지게 된다. 전쟁은 평화와 결코 양립 불가능한 것도, 평화를 배제하는 것도 아닐 뿐 아니라 세상에 평화를 세우기 위해서는 수단으로써 전쟁이 가능함을 말이다. 하지만 아이네아스는 이를 실천할 구체적인 대안과 해결책을 가지고 있지 못했다. 이러한 과정에서 겪게 되는 이야기가 〈아이네이스〉 7 권에서 12 권으로 이르는 후반부의 내용이다. 그런데 베르길리우스가 12 권에서 제시하던 묘사는 주목할 만한 가치가 있는데, 이는 전쟁의 한 가운데에서 평화로 나아가는 첫 출발에 대한 하나의 가능성을 보여주기 때문이다. 동등성을 강조하는 지배자도 피지배자도 없을 것이라는 아이네아스와 라티누스와 나누는 동맹의 서원이 바로 그것이다. 평화가 성립 가능함을 보여주는 한 장면이라 할 수 있다. 반면 아이네아스와 투르누스의 조우는 비극적 최후로 결말 맺어진다. 그렇지만 이 비극적 결말은 전쟁이 궁극적으로는 평화를 가능케 하는 한 방식이라는 점임을 간과해서는 안될 것이다. 여기에서 우리는 시인 베르길리우스가 전쟁의 의미에 대해서 던졌을 지도 물음과 이에 대한 답을 다음과 같은 방식으로 표현할 수 있을 것이다. 도대체, 평화가 아니라면, 전쟁은 무엇을 위한 것인지를 말이다. This paper discusses on the conceptions of war in its relation to peace which appear in Homer’s Iliad and Virgil’s Aeneid. In the Iliad, although war is represented above all as a situation where individual warriors strive to win their fame and glory, it is also perceived as a source of mental and physical sufferings for many people and as an inevitable hard condition of human existence which is determined by gods or fate and continues for ever. On the other hand, Homer inserts into his narrative various sights of the peaceful world by means of soldiers’ “obituaries” and the similes. Especially in the description of the shield of Achilles, he puts warfare in contrast to peaceful life and makes us see war in perspective. We can understand what the peaceful scenes depicted on this weapon mean, if we consider their context: the greatest hero who returns to battle with this divine shield will never fail to kill Hector and in consequence to bring destruction to Troy as well as an early death to himself. Thus the picture of the shield stands for what all the men concerned with war have to lose definitely. In such a tragic poem as the Iliad, there is a distinct, insuperable gap between war and peace. The Aeneid is another tragic epic as many readers appreciate today, though it shows a different view of war and peace. In the first half of the poem, Aeneas is often described as wavering between these two opposite modes of human life. Being no longer confident of the traditional value of heroism after his experience of the destructive and mad force of war on the last night of Troy, he is inclined to find a peaceful life during his wanderings (at several places like Crete, Carthage and Sicily), but it always proves to be an illusion. The predictions are also ambiguous about the future, announcing war as well as peace in Italy. But when he has heard Sibyl’s oracle of the impending battles in Latium and has listened in the underworld to his father’s prophetic instructions on the Roman mission, Aeneas acquires a new idea of the war which is neither incompatible with peace nor excludes it but should serve to bring about and establish it in the world. He does not yet know how he can carry such an idea into practice and we see many difficult problems in the course of terrible war narrated in the second half of the poem. But in the last book, Virgil makes us witness the first step taken in battlefield towards peace: Aeneas and Latinus swear the oaths to end the war without making the conqueror nor the conquered. Although the duel between Aeneas and Turnus comes to a tragic ending, a definite step to the peacemaking policy of war is marked nevertheless. This is the last message of Virgil, which he leaves for future generations of mankind, inviting them to ask in their still disturbed history on earth: what is war for, if not for peace?

Expectations of parents having children with developmental disorders from child-care providers

OGAWA Keiko,M1ZUNO Tomomi 아시아장애사회학회 2010 아시아장애사회학연구 Vol.10 No.-

Barrier Dysfunction of AD -Biological Role of Mites-

( Ogawa Hideoki ) 대한피부과학회 2006 초록집 Vol.44 No.10

Transient effects caused by pulsed gas and liquid injections into low pressure plasmas

Ogawa, D,Chung, C W,Goeckner, M,Overzet, L IOP Pub ; American Institute of Physics 2010 PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.19 No.3

<P>The fast injection of liquid droplets into a glow discharge causes significant time variations in the pressure, the chemical composition of the gas and the phases present (liquid and/or solid along with gas). While the variations can be large and important, very few studies, especially kinetic studies, have been published. In this paper we examine the changes brought about in argon plasma by injecting Ar (gas), N<SUB>2</SUB> (gas) hexane (gas) and hexane (liquid droplets). The changes in the RF capacitively coupled power (forward and reflected), electron and ion density (<I>n</I><SUB>e</SUB>, <I>n</I><SUB>i</SUB>), electron temperature (<I>T</I><SUB>e</SUB>) and optical emissions were monitored during the injections. It was found that the Ar injection (pressure change only) caused expected variations. The electron temperature reduced, the plasma density increased and the optical emission intensity remained nearly constant. The N<SUB>2</SUB> and hexane gas injections (chemical composition and pressure changes) also followed expected trends. The plasma densities increased and electron temperature decreased while the optical emissions changed from argon to the injected gas. These all serve to highlight the fact that the injection of evaporating hexane droplets in the plasma caused very little change. This is because the number of injected droplets is too small to noticeably affect the plasma, even though the shift in the chemical composition of the gas caused by evaporation from those same droplets can be very significant. The net conclusion is that using liquid droplets to inject precursors for low pressure plasmas is both feasible and controllable.</P>