Seroconversion, seroprotection and safety determination of formalinised local isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila administered through different routes in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822)

Saka Babatunde Akeem,Adeyemo Olanike Kudirat,Odeniyi Olubusola Ayoola,Alarape Selim Adewale,Odeseye Adebola Olayemi 한국예방수의학회 2019 예방수의학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) mostly caused by Aeromonas hydrophila is a disease of high economic impact in freshwater organism. This study examined the seroconversion and seroprotection of formalinised local isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila in the Clarias gariepinus administered via different routes. Highly virulent Aeromonas hydrophila was treated with 40v/v formalin for 24 h. Bacterin was suspended to 0.5 McFarland standard and utilized to immunize Clarias gariepinus of 400±20 g in three groups with 50 samples each via three routes of administration. Antibody measurement taken at regular intervals before and after vaccination revealed a significantly higher antibody values in all routes compared to the control and difference was noticed at all intervals. Relative percent survival was 71.43, 62.86 and 57.14 intraperitoneal, intramuscular and immersion routes, respectively. Correlation analysis established a strong and direct relationship in the antibody generation through route of administration and efficacy of vaccine. This local vaccine was able to confer a high degree of immunity on Clarias gariepinus and can therefore be used to vaccinate against MAS.

Matrix Properties of a New Plant Gum in Controlled Drug Delivery

Kalu, V.D.,Jaiyeoba, K.T.,Odeniyi, M.A. 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.7

A new plant gum, Okra (extracted from the pods of Hibiscus esculentus), has been evaluated as a controlled-release agent in modified release matrices, in comparison with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), using Paracetamol as a model drug. Tablets were produced by direct compression and the in-vitro drug release was assessed in conditions mimicking the gastro intestinal system, for 6 h. Okra gum matrices provided a controlled-release of Paracetamol for more than 6 h and the release rates followed time-independent kinetics. The release rates were dependent on the concentration of the drug present in the matrix. The addition of tablet excipients, lactose and Avicel, altered the dissolution profile and the release kinetics. Okra gum compared favourably with NaCMC, and a combination of Okra gum and NaCMC, or on further addition of HPMC resulted in near zero-order release of paracetamol from the matrix tablet. The results indicate that Okra gum matrices could be useful in the formulation of sustained-release tablets for up to 6 h.

Solid state characterization of two novel gums from Cedrela odorata and Enterolobium cyclocarpum

John Oluwasogo Ayorinde,Michael Ayodele Odeniyi 한국약제학회 2018 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.48 No.4

Functional and physicochemical properties of two novel polymers from plants were characterized with a view of determining suitability for use in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Cedrela gum (CD) and Enterolobium gum (ET) were extracted from the incised trunk of Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae) and Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Mimosoideae) trees respectively. The gums were characterized using particle size and distribution analysis, density measurements, swelling index, angle of repose, Carrs’ compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio. Other physicochemical properties were determined by pH measurement, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and viscometry. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) was the reference polymer. The polymers generally had particle size range of 145–436 μm and the particles were normally distributed. The gums had comparable particle density, Carr’s index and Hausner’s ratio with HPMC, indicating similar packing properties between the gums and HPMC. All polymers had angle of repose values in the range for excellent flow properties. The polymers were of alkaline pH, thereby suggesting compatibility with basic drugs. Hydration capacity of the polymers was generally high. The ranking order for viscosity was ET > CD > HPMC (p < 0.05). Similar thermal behaviour was recorded by DSC for the gums and HPMC. SEM revealed irregularly shaped and aggregating surface morphology while broad halo diffraction patterns were obtained by the PXRD. CD and ET gums showed comparable functional and physicochemical properties with HPMC, a standard polymer. These gums could be used as pharmaceutical excipients in bioadhesive formulations and other drug delivery systems.

Matrix Properties of a New Plant Gum in Controlled Drug Delivery

V. D. Kalu,M. A. Odeniyi,K. T. Jaiyeoba 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.7

A new plant gum, Okra (extracted from the pods of Hibiscus esculentus), has been evaluated as a controlled-release agent in modified release matrices, in comparison with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), using Paracetamol as a model drug. Tablets were produced by direct compression and the in-vitro drug release was assessed in conditions mimicking the gastro intestinal system, for 6 h. Okra gum matrices provided a controlled-release of Paracetamol for more than 6 h and the release rates followed time-independent kinetics. The release rates were dependent on the concentration of the drug present in the matrix. The addition of tablet excipients, lactose and Avicel, altered the dissolution profile and the release kinetics. Okra gum compared favourably with NaCMC, and a combination of Okra gum and NaCMC, or on further addition of HPMC resulted in near zeroorder release of paracetamol from the matrix tablet. The results indicate that Okra gum matrices could be useful in the formulation of sustained-release tablets for up to 6 h.

Development and Comparison of Three Data Models for Predicting Diabetes Mellitus Using Risk Factors in a Nigerian Population

Oluwakemi Odukoya,Solomon Nwaneri,Ifedayo Odeniyi,Babatunde Akodu,Esther Oluwole,Gbenga Olorunfemi,Oluwatoyin Popoola,Akinniyi Osuntoki 대한의료정보학회 2022 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: This study developed and compared the performance of three widely used predictive models—logistic regression(LR), artificial neural network (ANN), and decision tree (DT)—to predict diabetes mellitus using the socio-demographic,lifestyle, and physical attributes of a population of Nigerians. Methods: We developed three predictive models using 10 inputvariables. Data preprocessing steps included the removal of missing values and outliers, min-max normalization, and featureextraction using principal component analysis. Data training and validation were accomplished using 10-fold cross-validation. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under thereceiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were used as performance evaluation metrics. Analysis and model developmentwere performed in R version 3.6.1. Results: The mean age of the participants was 50.52 ± 16.14 years. The classificationaccuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for LR were, respectively, 81.31%, 84.32%, 77.24%, 72.75%, and 82.49%. Those for ANN were 98.64%, 98.37%, 99.00%, 98.61%, and 98.83%, and those for DT were 99.05%, 99.76%, 98.08%, 98.77%,and 99.82%, respectively. The best-performing and poorest-performing classifiers were DT and LR, with 99.05% and 81.31%accuracy, respectively. Similarly, the DT algorithm achieved the best AUC value (0.992) compared to ANN (0.976) and LR(0.892). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that DT, LR, and ANN models can be used effectively for the prediction ofdiabetes mellitus in the Nigerian population based on certain risk factors. An overall comparative analysis of the modelsshowed that the DT model performed better than LR and ANN.

Effects of material properties and speed of compression on microbial survival and tensile strength in diclofenac tablet formulations

J. O. Ayorinde,O. A. Itiola,M. A. Odeniyi 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.3

A work has been done to study the effects ofmaterial properties and compression speed on microbialsurvival and tensile strength in diclofenac tablet formulations. Tablets were produced from three formulationscontaining diclofenac and different excipients (DC, DL andDDCP). Two types of machines (Hydraulic hand press andsingle punch press), which compress the tablets at differentspeeds, were used. The compression properties of thetablets were analyzed using Heckel and Kawakita equations. A 3-dimensional plot was produced to determine therelationship between the tensile strength, compressionspeed and percentage survival of Bacillus subtilis in thediclofenac tablets. The mode of consolidation of diclofenacwas found to depends on the excipient used in the formulation. DC deformed mainly by plastic flow with the lowestPy and Pk values. DL deformed plastically at the initialstage, followed by fragmentation at the later stage ofcompression, whereas DDCP deformed mainly by fragmentationwith the highest Py and Pk values. The ranking ofthe percentage survival of B. subtilis in the formulationswas DDCP[DL[DC, whereas the ranking of the tensilestrength of the tablets was DDCP[DL[DC. Tabletsproduced on a hydraulic hand press with a lower compressionspeed had a lower percentage survival of microbialcontaminants than those produced on a single punchpress, which compressed the tablets at a much higherspeed. The mode of consolidation of the materials and thespeed at which tablet compression is carried out haveeffects on both the tensile strength of the tablets and theextent of destruction of microbial contaminants in diclofenactablet formulations.

Prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure profile amongst urban-dwelling adults in Nigeria: a comparative analysis based on recent guideline recommendations

Njideka U. Okubadejo,Obianuju B. Ozoh,Oluwadamilola O. Ojo,Ayesha O. Akinkugbe,Ifedayo A. Odeniyi,Oluseyi Adegoke,Babawale T. Bello,Osigwe P. Agabi 대한고혈압학회 2019 Clinical Hypertension Vol.25 No.3

Background: Hypertension is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and prevalence rates are critical to understanding the burden and envisaging health service requirements and resource allocation. We aimed to provide an update of the current prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure profiles of adults in urban Nigeria. Methods: Cross sectional population-based survey in Lagos, Nigeria. Participants were selected using stratified multistage sampling. Relevant sections of the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance were utilized for data collection. Blood pressures were categorized based on both the current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2017 guidelines and the pre-existing Joint National Committee on Hypertension 7 (JNC7) (2003) categories. Results: There were 5365 participants (51.8% female), age range of 16–92 years, and mean age ± SD 37.6 ± 13.1. The mean ± SD systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 126.8 ± 18.6 and 80.6 ± 13.2 respectively. There was significant correlation between both systolic and diastolic blood pressures and age (Pearson correlation 0.372 and 0.357 respectively and p = 0.000 in both instances). The prevalence of hypertension was 55.0% (3003) and 27.5% (1473) based on the ACC/AHA 2017 guideline and the JNC7 2003 guidelines respectively. Body mass index was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic BP (p = 0.000). Conclusions: Over half of the adult population in this major Nigerian city are classified to have hypertension by the recent guideline. There is an urgent need to develop and implement strategies for primordial prevention of hypertension (and obesity) and to restructure our healthcare delivery systems to adequately cater for the current and emerging hypertensive population.