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Historical Development of Japanese management : An Overview
Kawabe, Nobuo THE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH CENTRE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1998 SANGNAM FORUM Vol.1 No.1
Collectivism based upon an equal treatment of all employees is one of the most distinguished characteristics of Japanese management. The traditional research has tried to find out when this collectivism appeared in the history of Japanese business. It has emphasized certain periods to which the origin of Japanese management goes back. On the contrary, this paper is to show the dynamic development of Japanese management from the Edo Period to the present time, emphasizing how and why Japanese management has changed its nature to became as it is today. Historically, Japanese companies went through several periods in which they faced particular problems, and Japanese management evolved as they tried to solve these problems. In the Edo Period they established apprentice systems to maintain family businesses. In the process of modernization, they found a gap between the existing Japanese system and the imported modern technology, and they had to fill this gap by using the traditional idea of "business family." During the World War Ⅱ, the discrimination between white collar and blue collar workers diminished to attain high productivity. After the World War Ⅱ because of the democratization of Japanese economy and business by the Occupation Army and the high economic growth, Japanese companies established so called "Japanese Style Management" which created a strong competitive edge of Japanese business. However, after the collapse of the bubble economy, Japanese companies began changing their management systems to meet the changing environments.