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        Evaluation of a fixed-dose combination of benazepril and pimobendan in dogs with congestive heart failure: a randomized non-inferiority clinical trial

        Jonathan N. King,Atsushi Hirakawa,Junko Sonobe,Hiroshi Otaki,Nobuhiro Sakakibara,Wolfgang Seewald,Sophie Forster 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.1

        A fixed-dose combination tablet of benazepril and pimobendan (Fortekor Plus; Elanco Animal Health) was tested in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in a three-arm, masked, randomized, non-inferiority clinical trial in Japan. The test group (n = 34) received Fortekor Plus twice daily. Two control groups received registered formulations of benazepril (Fortekor; Elanco Animal Health) and pimobendan (Vetmedin; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) with administration of Vetmedin twice daily and Fortekor twice (Control I, n = 14) or once (Control II, n = 19) daily. Diuretics were used in 22 dogs (32.8%). Global clinical scores decreased significantly from baseline in all groups; there were no significant differences between groups, and non-inferiority of Fortekor Plus compared to Control I, Control II, and combined Control I + II groups was demonstrated. There were no significant differences between groups for relevant clinical chemistry and hematology variables or frequency of all adverse events. Frequency of emesis was significantly (p = 0.0042) lower in the Fortekor Plus (8.8%) group than in the Control I + II (39.4%) group. In conclusion, Fortekor Plus had non-inferior efficacy and was associated with significantly less emesis compared to Fortekor and Vetmedin in dogs with CHF caused by MMVD

      • <i>PLASTOCHRON3/GOLIATH</i> encodes a glutamate carboxypeptidase required for proper development in rice

        Kawakatsu, Taiji,Taramino, Graziana,Itoh, Jun-Ichi,Allen, Justin,Sato, Yutaka,Hong, Soon-Kwan,Yule, Ryan,Nagasawa, Nobuhiro,Kojima, Mikiko,Kusaba, Makoto,Sakakibara, Hitoshi,Sakai, Hajime,Nagato, Yasu Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 The Plant journal Vol.58 No.6

        <P>Summary</P><P>Most aerial parts of the plant body are products of the continuous activity of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Leaves are the major component of the aerial plant body, and their temporal and spatial distribution mainly determines shoot architecture. Here we report the identification of the rice gene <I>PLASTOCHRON3</I> (<I>PLA3</I>)/<I>GOLIATH</I> (<I>GO</I>) that regulates various developmental processes including the rate of leaf initiation (the plastochron). <I>PLA3</I>/<I>GO</I> encodes a glutamate carboxypeptidase, which is thought to catabolize small acidic peptides and produce small signaling molecules. <I>pla3</I> exhibits similar phenotypes to <I>pla1</I> and <I>pla2</I>– a shortened plastochron, precocious leaf maturation and rachis branch-to-shoot conversion in the reproductive phase. However, in contrast to <I>pla1</I> and <I>pla2</I>, <I>pla3</I> showed pleiotropic phenotypes including enlarged embryo, seed vivipary, defects in SAM maintenance and aberrant leaf morphology. Consistent with these pleiotropic phenotypes, <I>PLA3</I> is expressed in the whole plant body, and is involved in plant hormone homeostasis. Double mutant analysis revealed that <I>PLA1</I>, <I>PLA2</I> and <I>PLA3</I> are regulated independently but function redundantly. Our results suggest that PLA3 modulates various signaling pathways associated with a number of developmental processes.</P>

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