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      • A Qualitative Study of the Effects of a Government-Mandated Online Transaction Standard Acting as a Technical Barrier to Trade in South Korea

        Callinan,Nigel 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-

        One serious ICT downside to being entirely reliant on one system is when that security wall is breached. This became apparent on 25th January 2003, when almost the entire Korean Internet environment, including banking and stock market systems, became completely paralysed for 9 hours in the wake of a worldwide virus that exploited certain Windows security loopholes. Other countries were also affected, but as the market share of Microsoft Windows for client PC’s in Korea was 99.4% at the time, it temporarily brought the Internet in the country to a virtual technical standstill. Technical Barriers to Trade can form formidable hurdles for Organizations seeking to sell products and provide services to specific countries. These barriers are frequently erected based on government-mandated standards. This paper discusses the use of Online Transaction Standards in South Korea and establishes the effect the Standards had on competition and diversity when it came to the availability of service providers for the country’s domestic market. The paper concludes that a small number of companies benefitted from the unique business ecosystem set up within an effectively closed market.

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        A theoretical exploration of the defining characteristics that contribute to the “Galapagos Effect” in Japanese business

        ( Nigel Callinan ) 한국중소기업학회 2020 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.23 No.1

        This study aims to create a theoretical basis for a formal definition of the Galapagos Effect phenomenon in Japanese high technology businesses. The phenomenon has been widely used but loosely defined in research. A review of the literature is done to identify the theoretical innovation characteristics that apply to this area and five key characteristics affecting businesses in Japan are identified. These five characteristics are then investigated to determine if sufficient research evidence ties them to Japan. The study concludes that the five identified characteristics are exhibited in Japanese business and that they may form a valid basis for a first attempt to define the Galapagos Effect in Japanese high technology business.

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        Can examples of the Japanese “Galapagos Effect” theory be identified among South Korean High-Tech Service Companies?

        Nigel Callinan 한국유통과학회 2019 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.9 No.2

        Purpose - This study uses the ‘Galapagos Effect’ theory proposed by Japanese researchers to investigate if there is a basis for applying the theory to South Korea, specifically in the High-Tech Service area. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The underlying characteristics of Japanese business environment that led to the Galapagos Effect are identified, and then Korea is investigated to see if these characteristics are also evident. The case studies of three South Korean companies are explored to see if they can be considered as examples of the Galapagos Effect Results - The findings illustrate that some evidence for the existence of the Galapagos Effect does exist in Korean companies, but more research is required to systemize the phenomenon. Conclusions - The study concludes that proactive measures at a Government and business level should be implemented to mitigate the effects of the Galapagos Effect in Korea. The existence of evidence suggests that there may be grounds for more comprehensive studies in order to try and make a generalization. In addition, more study needs to be done to establish exactly which kinds of high-tech service companies are most likely to hit barriers due to the Galapagos Effect as it is not clear from the existing evidence.

      • KCI등재

        Exploring the effects of demographic transitions in Korea on migrant worker usage

        Nigel CALLINAN 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.11 No.2

        Purpose: This study explores how demographic transitions with workforce implications taking place in South Korea are affecting the job market, and proposes a novel conceptual model to analyze the increased role that migrant workers will play as the changes progress in the medium term. Research design, data and methodology: A qualitative approach based on the available published data is used in order to create a conceptual model that could be used to determine the order in which job sector strata will be gradually taken over by migrant workers, as the demographic transitions will create an increasing need for workforce reforms. Results: The study determines that migrant workers will replace domestic Korean workers in a stratified manner, initially in rural areas, followed by regional cities and then in the industrial areas on the edges of big cities, and the strata can be analyzed based on a proposed four-category model to determine where the opportunities will open. Conclusion: It is possible to use a conceptual model for this phenomenon. Extensive Government planning is needed to avoid possible social exclusion problems and to determine how to keep the economies of rural and regional Korean cities economically viable while they are becoming increasingly depopulated.

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