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Choi, Ji Young,Iacobazzi, Rosa Maria,Perrone, Mara,Margiotta, Nicola,Cutrignelli, Annalisa,Jung, Jae Ho,Park, Do Dam,Moon, Byung Seok,Denora, Nunzio,Kim, Sang Eun,Lee, Byung Chul MDPI 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.17 No.7
<P>The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) levels are associated with brain, breast, and prostate cancer progression and have emerged as viable targets for cancer therapy and imaging. In order to develop highly selective and active ligands with a high affinity for TSPO, imidazopyridine-based TSPO ligand (CB256, <B>3</B>) was prepared as the precursor. <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc- and Re-CB256 (<B>1</B> and <B>2</B>, respectively) were synthesized in high radiochemical yield (74.5% ± 6.4%, decay-corrected, <I>n</I> = 5) and chemical yield (65.6%) by the incorporation of the [<SUP>99m</SUP>Tc(CO)<SUB>3</SUB>(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUP>+</SUP> and (NEt<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>[Re(CO)<SUB>3</SUB>Br<SUB>3</SUB>] followed by HPLC separation. Radio-ligand <B>1</B> was shown to be stable (>99%) when incubated in human serum for 4 h at 37 °C with a relatively low lipophilicity (log<I>D</I> = 2.15 ± 0.02). The rhenium-185 and -187 complex <B>2</B> exhibited a moderate affinity (<I>K</I><SUB>i</SUB> = 159.3 ± 8.7 nM) for TSPO, whereas its cytotoxicity evaluated on TSPO-rich tumor cell lines was lower than that observed for the precursor. In vitro uptake studies of <B>1</B> in C6 and U87-MG cells for 60 min was found to be 9.84% ± 0.17% and 7.87% ± 0.23% ID, respectively. Our results indicated that <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-CB256 can be considered as a potential new TSPO-rich cancer SPECT imaging agent and provides the foundation for further in vivo evaluation.</P>
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Models for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Training
Adolfo Parra-Blanco,Nicolas Gonzalez,Maria Rosa Arnau 대한소화기내시경학회 2012 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.45 No.4
Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a technically challenging but highly effective technique for the treatment of well selected early neoplasms in the digestive tract. Although it is frequently performed in East Asian countries, the Western world has not adopted this technique yet, probably due in part to the difficulty to learn it. Ex vivo and in vivo animal models are invaluable tools to overcome at least the beginning of the learning curve, although the initial step is the acquisition of basic knowledge about early diagnosis of neoplasias, and observing real procedures in expert centers. The practical issues, advantages, and disadvantages of the ex vivo and in vivo models are discussed.
Lin, Yao-Cheng,Wang, Jing,Delhomme, Nicolas,Schiffthaler, Bastian,Sundströ,m, Gö,rel,Zuccolo, Andrea,Nystedt, Bjö,rn,Hvidsten, Torgeir R.,de la Torre, Amanda,Cossu, Rosa M.,Hoeppner, Marc National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.46
<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>We performed de novo, full-genome sequence analysis of two <I>Populus</I> species, North American quaking and Eurasian trembling aspen, that contain striking levels of genetic variation. Our results showed that positive and negative selection broadly affects patterns of genomic variation, but to varying degrees across coding and noncoding regions. The strength of selection and rates of sequence divergence were strongly related to differences in gene expression and coexpression network connectivity. These results highlight the importance of both positive and negative selection in shaping genome-wide levels of genetic variation in an obligately outcrossing, perennial plant. The resources we present establish aspens as a powerful study system enabling future studies for understanding the genomic determinants of adaptive evolution.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The <I>Populus</I> genus is one of the major plant model systems, but genomic resources have thus far primarily been available for poplar species, and primarily <I>Populus trichocarpa</I> (Torr. & Gray), which was the first tree with a whole-genome assembly. To further advance evolutionary and functional genomic analyses in <I>Populus</I>, we produced genome assemblies and population genetics resources of two aspen species, <I>Populus tremula</I> L. and <I>Populus tremuloides</I> Michx. The two aspen species have distributions spanning the Northern Hemisphere, where they are keystone species supporting a wide variety of dependent communities and produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Our analyses show that the two aspens share a similar genome structure and a highly conserved gene content with <I>P. trichocarpa</I> but display substantially higher levels of heterozygosity. Based on population resequencing data, we observed widespread positive and negative selection acting on both coding and noncoding regions. Furthermore, patterns of genetic diversity and molecular evolution in aspen are influenced by a number of features, such as expression level, coexpression network connectivity, and regulatory variation. To maximize the community utility of these resources, we have integrated all presented data within the PopGenIE web resource (PopGenIE.org).</P></▼2>
Claritromycin Resistance and Helicobacter pylori Genotypes in Italy
Vincenzo De Francesco,Marcella Margiotta,Cesare Hassan,Nicola Della Valle,Osvaldo Burattini,Roberto D’Angelo,Giuseppe Stoppino,Ugo Cea,Floriana Giorgio,Rosa Monno,Sergio Morini,Carmine Panella,Enzo Ie 한국미생물학회 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.6
The relationship between H. pylori clarithromycin resistance and genetic pattern distribution has been differently explained from different geographic areas. Therefore, we aimed to assess the clarithromycin resistance rate, to evaluate the bacterial genetic pattern, and to search for a possible association between clarithromycin resistance and cagA or vacA genes. This prospective study enrolled 62 consecutive H. pylori infected patients. The infection was established by histology and rapid urease test. Clarithromycin resistance, cagA and vacA status, including s/m subtypes, were assessed on paraffin-embedded antral biopsy specimens by TaqMan real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primary clarithromycin resistance was detected in 24.1% of cases. The prevalence of cagA was 69.3%, and a single vacA mosaicism was observed in 95.1% cases. In detail, the s1m1 was observed in 23 (38.9%) patients, the s1m2 in 22 (37.2%), and the s2m2 in 14 (23.7%), whereas the s2m1 combination was never found. The prevalence of cagA and the vacA alleles distribution did not significantly differ between susceptible and resistant strains. Primary clarithromycin resistance is high in our area. The s1m1 and s1m2 are the most frequent vacA mosaicisms. There is no a relationship between clarithromycin resistance and bacterial genotypic pattern and/or cagA positivity.