Evaluation of an Active Humidification System for Inspired Gas

Nicolás G. Roux,Gustavo A. Plotnikow,Darío S. Villalba,Emiliano Gogniat,Vivivana Feld,Noelia Ribero Vairo,Marisa Sartore,Mauro Bosso,José L. Scapellato,Dante Intile,Fernando Planells,Diego Noval,Pablo 대한이비인후과학회 2015 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.8 No.1

Objectives. The effectiveness of the active humidification systems (AHS) in patients already weaned from mechanical ventilation and with an artificial airway has not been very well described. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of an AHS in chronically tracheostomized and spontaneously breathing patients. Methods. Measurements were quantified at three levels of temperature (Tº) of the AHS: level I, low; level II, middle; and level III, high and at different flow levels (20 to 60 L/minute). Statistical analysis of repeated measurements was performed using analysis of variance and significance was set at a P<0.05. Results. While the lowest temperature setting (level I) did not condition gas to the minimum recommended values for any of the flows that were used, the medium temperature setting (level II) only conditioned gas with flows of 20 and 30 L/minute. Finally, at the highest temperature setting (level III), every flow reached the minimum absolute humidity (AH) recommended of 30 mg/L. Conclusion. According to our results, to obtain appropiate relative humidity, AH and T° of gas one should have a device that maintains water T° at least at 53°C for flows between 20 and 30 L/m, or at T° of 61°C at any flow rate.

Species Content Effect on the Rejuvenation Degree of CuZr Metallic Glasses Under Thermal-Pressure Treatments

Nicolás Amigo,Felipe J. Valencia 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.9

Rejuvenation is a process devoted to the structural excitation of metallic glasses (MGs), ultimately leading to enhanced plasticity. In this work, thermal-pressure treatments were performed on Cu100−xZrx MGs using molecular dynamics simulationsand the rejuvenation degree was explored by means of compression tests and structural characterization. MGs with high Zrcontent presented increased rejuvenation than their Cu-rich counterparts. This behavior is attributed to the large populationsof liquid-like polyhedra promoted by high contents of Zr species, which favor the deformation and re-arrangement processof the more centrosymmetric polyhedra during rejuvenation. Overall, our results indicate that thermal-pressure treatmentsare more effective at larger contents of Zr atoms, offering new insights in the fabrication of MGs with tailored properties.

Monetary Policy, the Composition of GDP and Crisis Duration in Europe

Nicolás Cachanosky,ANDREAS HOFFMANN 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2016 Global economic review Vol.45 No.2

This paper analyzes the effects of changes in interest rates on the composition of production in 10 European countries during the boom period of the 2000s. We find that output elasticity differs across industries and across countries for similar industries. The paper suggests that in the run-up to the 2008 crisis, the European Central Bank’s low interest rate policy affected the allocation of resources across industries. This may explain the sluggish overall recovery from the crisis in Europe.

Efficacy of essential oils to control the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Emiliano Nicolás Jesser,Jorge Omar Werdin-González,Ana Paula Murray,Adriana Alicia Ferrero 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4

Essential oils (EOs) have been recognized as an important source of biopesticides. This work investigated the chemical constituents and bioactivity of six essential oils namely lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), geranium (Geranium maculatum L.), palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) and bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) against adults of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, a cosmopolitan pest that infests a wide range of stored products. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) revealed the presence of several compounds, mainly mono- and sesquiterpenes. The contact toxicity assay showed that the EO from palmarosa was the most toxic with a LD50 value of 22.8 μg cm−2. The toxicity order was palmarosa > geranium > peppermint > lavender > bergamot > eucalyptus. In fumigant toxicity assay, the greatest effect was found with the EO from eucalyptus with a KT50 value of 8.34 min. The toxicity order was eucalyptus > peppermint > geranium =lavender > bergamot > palmarosa. The EO from palmarosa showed the highest residual activity when the insects were exposure to its volatiles constituents. Finally, all EOs produce sublethal activity promoting effects in the fecundity. In conclusion, the EOs could be used as potential biopesticides for P. interpunctella control.

Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance in excess-weight Latin children

Mariano Nicolás Aleman,María Constanza Luciardi,Emilce Romina Albornoz,María Cristina Bazán,Adela Victoria Abregú 대한소아청소년과학회 2024 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.67 No.1

A Comprehensive Approach to Posttraumatic Lymphedema Surgical Treatment

Pereira Nicolás,Oñate Vanessa,Roa Ricardo 대한성형외과학회 2023 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.50 No.4

Background Posttraumatic lymphedema (PTL) is sparsely described in the literature. The aim of this study is to propose a comprehensive approach for prevention and treatment of PTL using lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) and lymphatic vessels free flap, reporting our experience in the management of early-stage lymphedema. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed between October 2017 and July 2022. Functional assessment withmagnetic resonance lymphangiography and indocyanine green lymphography was performed. Patients with lymphedema and functional lymphatic channels were included. Cases with limited soft tissue damage were proposed for LVA, and those with acute or prior soft tissue damage needing skin reconstruction were proposed for superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator lymphatic vessels free flap (SCIP-LV) to treat or prevent lymphedema. Primary and secondary outcomes were limb volume reduction and quality of life (QoL) improvement, respectively. Follow-up was at least 1 year. Results Twenty-eight patients were operated using this approach during the study period. LVA were performed in 12 patients; mean reduction of excess volume (REV) was 58.82% and the improvement in QoL was 49.25%. SCIP-LV was performed in seven patients with no flap failure; mean REV was 58.77% and the improvement QoL was 50.9%. Nine patients with acute injury in lymphatic critical areas were reconstructed with SCIP-LV as a preventive approach and no lymphedema was detected. Conclusion Our comprehensive approach provides an organized way to treat patients with PTL, or at risk of developing it, to have satisfactory results and improve their QoL.

How to Prevent and Manage Post-Prostatectomy Incontinence: A Review

Schifano Nicolò,Capogrosso Paolo,Tutolo Manuela,Dehò Federico,Montorsi Francesco,Salonia Andrea 대한남성과학회 2021 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.39 No.4

Purpose: To provide an overview of the currently available evidence relating to the prevention and management strategies of urinary incontinence (UI) after radical prostatectomy (RP). Materials and Methods: A comprehensive research was carried out on MEDLINE/PubMed database to identify pertinent studies concerning post-RP UI. The search strategy included these words: urinary continence; urinary continence recovery; urinary incontinence; radical prostatectomy; and prostate cancer. Results: Post-RP UI still represents a challenging issue for both urologic patients and clinicians. A complete preoperative assessment of the risk factors associated with post-RP UI aids both in counseling those patients with a higher estimated likelihood of postoperative UI and in identifying those who would probably benefit from preventive strategies in the preoperative and in the intraoperative settings. Over the last decades different surgical strategies based on either the “preservation” or the “reconstruction” of the anatomical elements responsible for urinary continence (UC) led to an overall improvement of postoperative functional outcomes. Finally, several therapeutic strategies should be evaluated for the postoperative UI management. Artificial urinary sphincter implantation represents the gold standard for treatment, notwithstanding its wide adoption is limited due to high costs and significant risk of surgical revision. In this context, male sling positioning seems the most promising strategy, in particular in mild and moderate post-RP UI. Conclusions: To enhance the likelihood of obtaining an optimal UC recovery after RP, it is here strongly suggested to intervene throughout the overall clinical management process thus including the pre-, intra- and postoperative settings.

Asynchronies during invasive mechanical ventilation: narrative review and update

Saavedra Santiago Nicolás,Barisich Patrick Valentino Sepúlveda,Maldonado José Benito Parra,Lumini Romina Belén,Gómez-González Alberto,Gallardo Adrián 대한중환자의학회 2022 Acute and Critical Care Vol.37 No.4

Invasive mechanical ventilation is a frequent therapy in critically ill patients in critical care units. To achieve favorable outcomes, patient and ventilator interaction must be adequate. However, many clinical situations could attempt against this principle and generate a mismatch between these two actors. These asynchronies can lead the patient to worst outcomes; because of that is vital to recognize and treat these entities as soon as possible. Early detection and recognition of the different asynchronies could favor the reduction of the days of mechanical ventilation, the days of hospital stay, and in intensive care and improve clinical results.

Refining drug administration in a murine model of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

Julián Ernesto Nicolás Gulin,Margarita Bisio,Facundo García-Bournissen 한국실험동물학회 2020 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.36 No.4

Background: In animal research, “refinement” refers to modifications of husbandry or experimental procedures to enhance animal well-being and minimize or eliminate pain and distress. Evaluation of drug efficacy in mice models, such as those used to study Trypanosoma cruzi infection, require prolonged drug administration by the oral route (e.g. for 20 consecutive days). However, the orogastric gavage method can lead to significant discomfort, upper digestive or respiratory tract lesions, aspiration pneumonia and even accidental death. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two administration methods (conventional oral gavage vs. a refined method using a disposable tip and automatic pipette) on the efficacy of benznidazole in a murine model of T. cruzi infection. Results: Both administration methods led to a rapid and persistent reduction in parasitaemia. Absence of T. cruzi DNA (evaluated by real-time PCR) in blood, cardiac and skeletal muscle confirmed that treatment efficacy was not influenced by the administration method used. Conclusions: The proposed refined method for long-term oral drug administration may be a suitable strategy for assessing drug efficacy in mice models of Chagas disease and can be applied to similar murine infection models to reduce animal discomfort.

Hemostatic state of children with type 1 diabetes

Aleman Mariano Nicolás,Díaz Elba Irma,Luciardi Maria Constanza,Mariani Ana Carolina,Bazán Maria Cristina,Abregu Adela Victoria 대한소아내분비학회 2021 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.26 No.2

Purpose: Hyperglycemia is one of the factors responsible for the molecular alterations that modify hemostasis. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of circulating molecules that have a prothrombotic impact on the child and adolescent population with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: There were 35 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (11.0±2.5 years of age and a median 3.7±2.0 years of the disease) with no vascular complications and 20 healthy controls with similar age, sex, and body mass index included in the study. The evaluated parameters were fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor antigen, and standard coagulation tests (platelet count, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time). Glycemic control was evaluated by hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose tests, and the presence of retinopathy and nephropathy was ruled out. The data obtained were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0 and expressed as mean±standard deviation. The Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to investigate correlations between variables. Results: Diabetic patients showed significantly higher levels of fibrinogen (308±66 mg/dL vs. 246±18 mg/dL, P=0.0001), PAI-1 (41.6±12 ng/mL vs. 11.7±1.0 ng/mL, P=0.0001), and von Willebrand factor antigen (284%±55% vs. 121%±19%, P=0.0001). However, standard coagulation tests did not show differences between the 2 groups. PAI-1 was correlated with glycemia, hemoglobin A1c, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor antigen. Conclusion: Elevated levels of fibrinogen, PAI-1, and von Willebrand factor antigen were found in the pediatric and adolescent population with type 1 diabetes mellitus, which suggests a prothrombotic state.