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The quantitative effect of an accessory ostium on ventilation of the maxillary sinus
Na, Y.,Kim, K.,Kim, S.K.,Chung, S.K. Elsevier Science 2012 Respiratory physiology & neurobiology Vol.181 No.1
The airflow and gas exchange behaviors of the human maxillary sinus were quantified to better understand the effect of an accessory ostium (AO). An anatomically correct numerical domain was constructed using CT data from a male patient with mild nasal obstruction. For the purpose of comparison, a numerical model without an AO was also generated by artificially removing the AO from the original model using CAD software. A steady-flow field through the nasal cavity was simulated using ANSYS-FLUENT v13.0 with a target flow rate of 250ml/s. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was used to investigate the concentration field of nitric oxide (NO) initially filled in the maxillary sinus. The simulation results showed that a transit flow through the maxillary sinus developed in the presence of an AO. As the flow entered the sinus through either a natural or accessory ostium from the middle meatus, the velocity was significantly reduced to a local maximum of approximately 0.034m/s inside the sinus. This by-pass flow rate through the sinus of 2.186x10<SUP>-1</SUP> to 3.591x10<SUP>-1</SUP>ml/s was a small fraction of the total flow rate inhaled from the nostril, but it effectively changed the local flow topology and led to a larger reduction in NO concentration in the maxillary sinus. This more rapid reduction in NO concentration was due to enhanced ventilation activity afforded by convective transport of the transit stream through the flow path connecting the natural ostium and the AO. The inspiration and expiration phases were qualitatively similar in flow pattern except for the flow direction in the maxillary sinus, suggesting that the AO plays a similar physiological role during both inspiration and expiration in terms of ventilation.
Na, Y.,Park, S.,Lee, C.,Kim, D.K.,Park, J.M.,Sockanathan, S.,Huganir, R.L.,Worley, P.F. Cell Press 2016 Neuron Vol.91 No.3
<P>The immediate early gene Arc (also Arg3.1) produces rapid changes in synaptic properties that are linked to de novo translation. Here we develop a novel translation reporter that exploits the rapid maturation and 'flash' kinetics of Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) to visualize Arc translation. Following glutamate stimulation, discrete Arc-Gluc bioluminescent flashes representing sites of de novo translation are detected within 15 s at distributed sites in dendrites, but not spines. Flashes are episodic, lasting similar to 20 s, and may be unitary or repeated at similar to minute intervals at the same sites. Analysis of flash amplitudes suggests they represent the quantal product of one or more polyribosomes, while inter-flash intervals appear random, suggesting they arise from a stochastic process. Surprisingly, glutamate-induced translation is dependent on Arc open reading frame. Combined observations support a model in which stalled ribosomes are reactivated to rapidly generate Arc protein.</P>
Nay Myo Win,유진기,권중근,강인규 한국식품저장유통학회 2022 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.29 No.4
The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the fruit quality and antioxidant activity of ruby-S apples were evaluated during cold storage. The fruits were treated with 0 (control) and 1 μL/L 1-MCP and stored at 0℃ for six months. The assessments were performed at 0 (harvest), 3, and 6 months of storage. Compared with the control, the 1-MCP-treated fruits exhibited a reduced internal ethylene concentration and slowed appearance of greasiness on the fruit skin. In addition, 1-MCP treatment helped maintain a reduction in flesh firmness, titratable acidity, and peel color attributes (L* and b*) of the fruit. However, 1-MCP treatment did not affect fruit weight loss, soluble solids content, or peel color a* value. The 1-MCP treatment helped delay the reduction in total phenolics (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) content as well as total antioxidant determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA) in the peel tissue. In the pulp tissue, 1-MCP affected only TPC, and not TFC or DPPH RSA. Overall, this study suggests that 1-MCP treatment helps maintain the desirable fruit quality attributes of ruby-S apples during ripening, but its effect on antioxidant activity depends on the tissue type (peel and pulp) of the fruit.
Nay Myo Win,Jinwook Lee,Jingi Yoo,Seulgi Ryu,Kyoung-ook Kim,Dae Hyun Kim,Hee-Young Jung,Myoung-Gun Choung,Kyeung-il Park,Young-Je Cho,In-Kyu Kang 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.2
This study was carried out over two consecutive years to evaluate the effects of polyethylene (PE) film liner, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) treatments on fruit quality attributes of ‘Tonewase’ persimmon in cold storage. Fruit was harvested at two different levels of maturity, at a normal commercial harvest date in the first year and 10 days earlier in the second year. The PE film liner treatment significantly suppressed losses of fresh weight during cold storage, compared with the other treatments in both years. However, peel color variables (L*, a*, and b*) in the calyx-end regions declined when treated with the PE film liner, compared with the other treatments in both years. None of the treatments affected ethylene production and fruit decay was not detected during storage between the treatments. The highest level of fruit softening was observed in persimmon fruit treated with the PE film liner, while the softening rate in the other treatments was less than 50% at the end of cold storage. Fruits in all treatments were unmarketable after 2 months of storage. For the persimmon fruit harvested at the normal harvest date, the treatment with 1-MCP resulted in the highest average respiration rate and the lowest soluble solids content (SSC), compared with fruit in the other treatments. For the persimmon fruit harvested at the early harvest date, flesh firmness of fruit treated with the PE film liner declined significantly, but less so than for fruit in the other treatments by the end of storage, whereas the SSC and respiration rate were not affected by any of the treatments during cold storage. The PE film liner significantly reduced fresh weight loss during cold storage and flesh firmness and peel color were significantly affected by this treatment in second year. Overall, the results suggested that fruit harvest time in terms of fruit maturity and PE film liner treatment would retain greater fruit quality attributes during storage.
Nay Myo Win,Dongyong Lee,Juhyeon Park,Yang-Yik Song,Young Sik Cho,Youngsuk Lee,Moo-Yong Park,Hun Joong Kweon,In-Kyu Kang,Jong-Chul Nam 한국원예학회 2022 원예과학기술지 Vol.40 No.3
Bloom thinning is an important practice that influences the profitability of the orchard. Hence, we assessed the effect of chemical bloom thinning on thinning efficiency and fruit quality of ‘RubyS’ apples. Lime sulfur was applied as a bloom thinning agent at 1, 1 + 3, and 2 + 4 days after full bloom (DAFB), and non-bloom thinning trees were used as controls. Compared to the control and bloom thinning treatments at 1 DAFB and 2 + 4 DAFB, the application of bloom thinning at 1 + 3 DAFB greatly decreased the number of fruits per cluster in both terminal and lateral flowers. Although the application of bloom thinning at 2 + 4 DAFB decreased the number of fruits per cluster in the terminal flower, it did not affect the number of fruits per cluster in the lateral flower when compared to the control. At harvest, the number of fruits per tree (fruits/ tree) and yield (kg/ tree) was significantly higher in control trees than in bloom-thinned trees. However, fruit quality attributes including fruit weight and size, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, area of red-blushed surface, and a* value in the fruit were significantly improved by bloom thinning at 1 + 3 DAFB. Therefore, this study suggested that applying bloom thinning at 1 + 3 DAFB could serve as an effective thinning treatment to manage crop load in trees and improve the quality of ‘RubyS’ apple fruits.
Nay Myo Win,Jingi Yoo,Jinwook Lee,Hee-Young Jung,In-Kyu Kang 한국원예학회 2019 원예과학기술지 Vol.37 No.3
The effects of different application timing of CO₂ deastringency treatment on fruit quality attributes and physiological disorders of ‘Sangjudungsi’ persimmon fruit during cold storage were evaluated. Treatment with an application of 95% CO₂ at harvest ensured the complete removal of astringency after one or two months of cold storage. The deastringency treatment greatly reduced flesh firmness, and early CO₂ application caused the lowest flesh firmness at the end of cold storage. The soluble solids content (SSC) was also decreased after CO₂ application, while fruit treated later with CO₂ had lowest SSC, compared with the other CO₂ application timings. Weight loss and respiration rate both increased in deastringency-treated fruit. Peel color variables, as measured using the CIELab color space, were also affected by the treatment. The changes in peel color variables were more detectable in the calyx-end regions than in the equatorial regions. Fruit treated with CO₂ one-month after harvest were observably different in peel color variables. Flesh browning was also detected in fruit treated one-month after harvest. The decrease in astringency following CO₂ treatment led to increased incidence of flesh browning and fruit softening at the end of the cold storage period. Peel blackening was also detected in early deastringency-treated fruit at the end of cold storage. This study suggested that earlier CO₂ application may decrease flesh firmness and increase the incidence and severity of physiological disorders in ‘Sangjudungsi’ persimmon fruit during cold storage.