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NATARAJAN VELMURUGAN,Mi Sook Choi,한상섭,이양수 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.4
The antifungal activity of bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis EF 617317 and B. licheniformis EF 617325 was demonstrated against sapstaining fungal cultures Ophiostoma flexuosum, O. tetropii, O. polonicum, and O. ips in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The crude active supernatant fractions of 7 days old B. subtilis and B. licheniformis cultures inhibited the growth of sapstaining fungi in laboratory experiments. Thermostability and pH stability of crude supernatants were determined by series of experiments. FT-IR analysis was performed to confirm the surface structural groups of lipoproteins present in the crude active supernatant. Partial purification of lipopeptides present in the crude supernatant was done by using Cellulose anion exchange chromatography and followed by Sephadex gel filtration chromatography. Partially purified compounds significantly inhibited the sapstaining fungal growth by in vitro analysis. The lipopeptides responsible for antifungal activity were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry after partial purification by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Four major ion peaks were identified as m/z 1023, 1038, 1060, and 1081 in B. licheniformis and 3 major ion peaks were identified as m/z 1036, 1058, and 1090 in B. subtilis. In conclusion, the partially purified lipopeptides may belong to surfactin and iturin family. In vivo analysis for antifungal activity of lipopeptides on wood was conducted in laboratory. In addition, the potential of extracts for fungal inhibition on surface and internal part of wood samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.
Velmurugan, Natarajan,Lee, Hyun-Mi,Cha, Hyo-Jung,Lee, Yang-Soo De Gruyter 2017 Botanica marina Vol.60 No.4
<P>An efficient and unique proteomic response is important for fungi to survive in marine environments polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The marine-derived fungus Paecilomyces sp. strain SF-8 was isolated from the soil of salt production sites and was found to remove different PAHs. The PAH-treated strain SF-8 was characterized using elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Paecilomyces sp. strain SF-8 successfully removed 88% of anthracene, 75% of phenanthrene, 67.5% of benzo[a] anthracene, and 99.3% of benzo[b] fluoranthene. In order to gain insight into the molecular response to PAHs in strain SF-8, proteomics analysis of different cells treated with different PAHs was performed. Comprehensive proteomic analysis revealed that the molecular response of the fungus towards PAH was compound specific. Functional classifications showed heightened regulation of major enzymes involved in cellular function and metabolism, and PAH degradation. The key control protein (salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase) of PAH degradation was specifically over-expressed. Our results collectively demonstrated the influence of PAHs in fungal cellular functioning, development and metabolism.</P>
Consideration of Hypoxylon truncatum, Based on Morphological Characteristics of Korean Collection
한상섭,사동민,이양수,Velmurugan, Natarajan,Han, Sang-Sub,Sa, Dong-Min,Lee, Yang-Soo 한국현미경학회 2007 Applied microscopy Vol.37 No.4
The genus Hypoxylon is a member of the Xylariaceae that has brown to dark brown and phaseoliform single cell ascospores with a conspicuous full germ slit. Hypoxylon truncatum differs from H. annulatum, it has conspicuous perithecial mounds, dark brown stromatal surface, and absence of enriched ostiola disc. The isolate of Hypoxylon, collected from Mt. Deuk-yu in Korea, is compared with similar taxa and described. The isolation of H. truncatum is compared with similar taxa, H. annulatum, with a precise description in the SEM level in Korea.
N. J. Suthan Kissinger,NATARAJAN VELMURUGAN,K. Perumal 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.4
Zinc-Selenide (ZnSe) thin films were prepared by using physical vapor deposition under a vacuum of 5 × 10−6 Torr by using an electron beam evaporated technique at different substrate temperatures, RT, 100, 200, and 300 ˚C. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) indicates that the films are polycrystalline, having a f.c.c zincblende structure irrespective of their substrate temperature. All the films show preferred orientation along the (1 1 1) plane parallel to the substrates. The microstructural parameters, such as the lattice constant, crystallite size, stress, strain, and dislocation density, are calculated, and the effect of substrate temperature on the deposited films was discussed. The grain size of the deposited ZnSe films is observed to be small and is within the range of 12 to 32 nm, and the grain size is observed to be increase from 12.5 to 31.9 nm with increasing substrate temperature. Optical measurements indicate the existence of a direct-bandgap-allowed optical transition with a corresponding energy gap in the range of 2.95 – 2.70 eV. Zinc-Selenide (ZnSe) thin films were prepared by using physical vapor deposition under a vacuum of 5 × 10−6 Torr by using an electron beam evaporated technique at different substrate temperatures, RT, 100, 200, and 300 ˚C. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) indicates that the films are polycrystalline, having a f.c.c zincblende structure irrespective of their substrate temperature. All the films show preferred orientation along the (1 1 1) plane parallel to the substrates. The microstructural parameters, such as the lattice constant, crystallite size, stress, strain, and dislocation density, are calculated, and the effect of substrate temperature on the deposited films was discussed. The grain size of the deposited ZnSe films is observed to be small and is within the range of 12 to 32 nm, and the grain size is observed to be increase from 12.5 to 31.9 nm with increasing substrate temperature. Optical measurements indicate the existence of a direct-bandgap-allowed optical transition with a corresponding energy gap in the range of 2.95 – 2.70 eV.
한상섭,사동민,이양수,Velmurugan, Natarajan,Han, Sang-Sub,Sa, Dong-Min,Lee, Yang-Soo 한국현미경학회 2007 Applied microscopy Vol.37 No.4
The genus Daldinia is a member of the Xylariaceae that has brown to dark brown and phaseoliform single cell ascospores with a conspicuous full germ slit. The isolate of D. childiae collected from Mt. Deuk-yu in Korea were compared with similar taxa, D. eschscholzii and D. concentrica.. Ascospores were $11{\sim}13{\mu}m{\times}5.5{\sim}6{\mu}m$ in size, light brown to brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with dull round ends. Ascospore showed very faint ornamentation at ${\times}7.0k$ magnification. It is one of the main morphological characteristic Korean collection of D. childiae under SEM level and a main reason of reinterpretation of D. concentrica in Korea. Using KOH-extractable pigment color of stroma, D. concentrica that also has supported the SEM level investigation. Daldinia concentrica, having those characteristic recorded in Korea, should be renamed as D. childiae. However, the isolate will be the first record as D. childiae, having precise morphological description in Korea.
Recombinant antibodies: Engineering and production in yeast and bacterial hosts.
Jeong, Ki Jun,Jang, Seung Hoon,Velmurugan, Natarajan Wiley 2011 BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.6 No.1
<P>After the appearance of the first FDA-approved antibody 25 years ago, antibodies have become major therapeutic agents in the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases, and the use of antibodies as therapeutic/diagnostic agents is expected to increase in the future. So far, a variety of strategies have been devised for engineering of these fascinating molecules to develop superior properties and functions. Recent progress in systems biology has provided more information about the structures and cellular networks of antibodies, and, in addition, recent development of biotechnology tools, particularly in regard to high-throughput screening, has made it possible to perform more intensive engineering on these substances. Based on a sound understanding and new technologies, antibodies are now being developed as more powerful drugs. In this review, we highlight the recent, significant progress that has been made in antibody engineering, with a particular focus on Fc engineering and glycoengineering for improved functions, and cellular engineering for enhanced production of antibodies in yeast and bacterial hosts.</P>