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Natarajan Sudhakar,Thangarajan Rajkumar,Kamalalayam Raghavan Rajalekshmy,Nirmala Karunakaran Nancy 대한혈액학회 2017 Blood Research Vol.52 No.1
Background: This study characterized clonal IG heavy V-D-J (IGH) gene rearrangements in South Indian patients with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (precursor B-ALL) and identi-fied age-related predominance in VDJ rearrangements. Methods: IGH rearrangements were studied in 50 precursor B-ALL cases (common ALL=37, pre-B ALL=10, pro-B ALL=3) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) heteroduplex analysis. Twenty randomly selected clonal IGH rearrangement sequences were analyzed using the IMGT/V-QUEST tool. Results: Clonal IGH rearrangements were detected in 41 (82%) precursor B-ALL cases. Among the IGHV1-IGHV7 subgroups, IGHV3 was used in 25 (50%) cases. Among the IGHD1-IGHD7 genes, IGHD2 and IGHD3 were used in 8 (40%) and 5 (25%) clones, respectively. Among the IGHJ1-IGHJ6 genes, IGHJ6 and IGHJ4 were used in 9 (45%) and 6 (30%) clones, respectively. In 6 out of 20 (30%) IGH rearranged sequences, CDR3 was in frame whereas 14 (70%) had rearranged sequences and CDR3 was out of frame. A so-matic mutation in Vmut/Dmut/Jmut was detected in 14 of 20 IGH sequences. On average, Vmut/Dmut/Jmut were detected in 0.1 nt, 1.1 nt, and 0.2 nt, respectively. Conclusion: The IGHV3 gene was frequently used whereas lower frequencies of IGHV5 and IGHV6 and a higher frequency of IGHV4 were detected in children compared with young adults. The IGHD2 and IGHD3 genes were over-represented, and the IGHJ6 gene was predom-inantly used in precursor-B-ALL. However, the IGH gene rearrangements in pre-cursor-B-ALL did not show any significant age-associated genotype pattern attributed to our population.
Natarajan, Prakash,Khan, Hassnain Abbas,Yoon, Sungho,Jung, Kwang-Deog Elsevier 2018 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.63 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Five PtSn catalysts with different PtSn particle sizes were prepared using one-pot and co-impregnation methods for n-butane dehydrogenation. The turnover frequency (TOF) of the prepared catalysts is proportional to the PtSn metal particle size, while the selectivity to n-butenes is inversely proportional to that. The PtSn(OMSO) catalyst with a worm-like pore structure has the smallest PtSn particle size and the largest metal surface area, which exhibits the highest selectivity and specific activity among five PtSn catalysts. Additionally, the PtSn(OMSO) catalyst exhibits the highest stability. PtSn particles on PtSn(OMSO) are stabilized in the pores of the worm-like structure.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mesoporous alumina with worm-like structure was formed by sonication treatment. </LI> <LI> One-pot method is effective for dispersing PtSn particles on meso-alumina. </LI> <LI> PtSn catalysts with worm-like pores outperformed those with cylindrical pores. </LI> <LI> TOF of Pt on bimetallic PtSn catalysts is proportional to Pt metal dispersion. </LI> <LI> C<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>=</SUP> selectivity is affected by size of PtSn particles and Sn coverage on Pt. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Ocular promoting activity of grape polyphenols—A review
Natarajan, Sithranga Boopathy,Hwang, Jin-Woo,Kim, Yon-Suk,Kim, Eun-Kyung,Park, Pyo-Jam Elsevier 2017 Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Vol.50 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The eye is a sensitive organ with complex optical system involves in the perception of light. Although it has several protective mechanisms by itself, various physiological and metabolic disorders are detrimental to the proper functioning of the visual system. Grape juice has long been used worldwide for its potent medicinal values including ocular promotion. Bioactivities of grape products are highly attributed to the presence of health promoting phytochemicals in them. Some phytochemicals present in the grape juice have been involved in the maintenance of intra-ocular pressure, regulation of glucose metabolisms and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the system. Particularly, the grape derived phytochemicals involve in minimizing various eye defects such as macular degradation, uvea, cataract formation, red eye, diabetic retinopathy and so on. However, only limited number of studies has been conducted so far focusing the ocular promoting activity of grape polyphenols. In this review, we discuss the role of grape polyphenols in ocular promotion relating their anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-aging, anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Problems in Instrumentation of Syndromic Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies – Case Reports
Natarajan Muthukumar 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.2
The aim of this study is to highlight the complications of instrumentation in the setting of syndromic craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies. The records of patients with syndromic CVJ anomalies treated by this author during the period of 2012–2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients in whom intraoperative difficulties and complications were encountered were culled out from the database. Complications were divided into (1) technique related, (2) neural injury, (3) vascular injury, (4) instrumentation pull out/breakage, (5) inaccurate screw placement and, (6) where postoperatively, the surgeon felt an alternate surgical technique could have yielded better results. Four patients with either unexpected intraoperative difficulties or complications or in whom the technique could have been refined were identified. There were 2 patients with proatlas segmentation anomalies and 2 with Morquio’s-Brailsford disease. The first patient had cage migration which necessitated a second procedure during craniovertebral realignment, the second had partial penetration of the screw into the transverse foramen, the third with bipartite atlas underwent a C1–2 fixation without a horizontal cross-connector and, the fourth had screw pull outs from the subaxial cervical spine intraoperatively during an attempted occipitocervical fusion. In children with syndromic CVJ anomalies, the surgeon should be aware of the high risk of intraoperative difficulties and complications. Potential pitfalls and the ways to avoid these complications are discussed.
Experimental Investigations of Skin-Like Material and Computation of its Material Properties
Natarajan Elango,Ahmad Athif Mohd Faudzi,Azman Hassan,Muhammad Razif Muhammad Rusydi 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
In this research, an experimental investigation is carried out with pure silicone of five different grades and blended mixture of differentgrades of silicone at 1:1 volume fraction for the development of a skin-like soft material for robotic applications. The samples areprepared by compression molding and tensile testing was performed on dumb-bell shaped specimens as per ASTM D412 standardat crosshead speed of 250 mm/minute It is observed from the experiments that silicone grade 10 crosslinked with Luperox 101 yieldedthe tensile strength of 2.189 MPa which is closer to the human skin in forearm. It is also derived from the experiments that blendedmixtures revealed the lower tensile strength than pure silicone of the same grade. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) studies were also done on samples to understand the dispersion of the compounds andmechanical damages in the developed soft material. Finally, the numerical simulation for Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden and Yeoh non-linearmaterial modes are carried out and non-linear material constants of Silicone grade 10 are computed and tabulated. The developedsoft material will be used in robotics for soft manipulation in future.
Natarajan Prabhakaran,Chandrababu Prathyusha,Karmegam Patchai Murugan,Madasamy Jothieswari,Somasundaram Swarnalatha 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.4
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a paramount factor in air pollution of the environment. VOCs are vastly present in the wastewater discharged by the pharmaceutical industries. As it is evaporative in nature, it enters the environment spontaneously and causes air pollution, global warming, acid rain and climate change. VOCs must be treated before discharging or any other aerobic methods using an efficient catalyst. As the catalytic oxidation in the liquid phase is facile compared to the gas phase, this study investigated on catalytic liquid-phase oxidation of VOCs in model and real pharmaceutical wastewater. The model compounds of toluene-, ethylbenzene- and chlorobenzene-contaminated waters were treated separately along with the VOCs present in real pharmaceutical wastewater using a tungsten-based carbon catalyst. The tungsten was impregnated on the low-cost activated carbon matrix as it has good selectivity and catalytic property toward VOCs for facile catalytic operations. The metal catalysts were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy with elemental and mapping analysis. The treatability was monitored by total organic carbon, ultra-violet spectroscopy and high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. The tungsten-impregnated activated carbon matrix (WACM) has a catalytic efficiency toward toluene by 85.45 ± 1.78%, ethylbenzene by 93.9 ± 1.16%, chlorobenzene by 85.9 ± 2.26% and pharmaceutical VOCs by 85.05 ± 1.73% in 20 treatment cycles. The results showed that WACM worked efficiently in VOCs treatment, preventing the environment from air pollution. Furthermore, liquid-phase oxidation could easily be implementable on an industrial scale.