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Naoyuki Itoh,Kazutaka Kanai,Yasutomo Hori,Fumio Hoshi,Seiichi Higuchi 대한수의학회 2009 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.10 No.4
An epidemiological study on canine intestinal parasites was undertaken to evaluate changes in the prevalence among private household dogs from the Hachinohe region of Aomori prefecture, Japan, in 1997, 2002 and 2007, using the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. The risk of zoonotic transmission from household dogs to humans was also discussed. All intestinal parasites detected in the present study (Giardia intestinalis, Isospora spp., Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Trichuris vulpis and Strongyloides stercoralis) showed no changes in prevalence over the past 10 years based on analysis considering canine epidemiological profiles. In particular, prevalence of Giardia intestinalis in dogs under 1 year old, derived from pet shops/breeding kennels and kept indoors was unchanged, remaining at a high level of >15.0% at each time point. Toxocara canis also showed no changes in the group of dogs under 1 year old, bred by private owners and kept outdoors, and the prevalence was >10.0% every year. The present results indicate that the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis and other intestinal parasites in private household dogs has not always decreased, and the potential for direct parasitic zoonotic transmission from dogs to humans may be relatively high level, than from the environment (indoors and outdoors). We recommend careful surveillance of intestinal parasites and aggressive use of anthelminthic in private household dogs under considering the epidemiological factors.
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Molecular Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Breeding Kennel Dogs
Naoyuki Itoh,Hazuki Tanaka,Yuko Iijima,Satoshi Kameshima,Yuya Kimura 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.57 No.2
Cryptosporidium is a common intestinal protozoan that can lead to diarrhea in humans and dogs. The predom- inant species of infection are C. hominis and C. parvum in humans, and C. canis in dogs. However, C. canis can infect immunocompromised humans. Considering the close contact with humans, dogs have the potential to be reservoirs for human cryptosporidiosis. Breeding kennels are the major supply source of puppies for pet shops. The present study is to determine the molecular prevalence and characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. found in breeding kennel dogs. A total of 314 fecal samples were collected from young and adult dogs kept in 5 breeding kennels. A polymerase chain reaction targeting the small subunit rRNA gene was employed for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. To determine the species, the DNA sequences were compared to GenBank data. Overall, 21.0% of the fecal samples were positive for Cryptospo- ridium spp. infection. Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in all 5 facilities. A sequencing analysis demonstrated that all isolates shared 99-100% similarity with C. canis. The results suggest that Cryptosporidium spp. infection is present at a high-level in breeding kennel dogs. However, because dominant species in this survey was C. canis, the importance of breeding kennel dogs as reservoirs for Cryptosporidium spp. transmission to humans is likely to be low in Japan.
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Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridioides difficile in pet shop puppies
Yuya Kimura(Yuya Kimura ),Satoshi Kameshima(Satoshi Kameshima ),Naoyuki Itoh(Naoyuki Itoh ) 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.2
Crowded pet shops can become infected with various pathogens. Although dog carriers of Clostridioides difficile tend to be asymptomatic, the toxigenic strains sometimes cause gastrointestinal symptoms in humans. The present study was conducted to determine the infection rate of C. difficile in pet shops. The feces of 137 dogs younger than one year of age, collected from four pet shops, were assessed by culture and PCR. Carriage rates of C. difficile in dogs aged ≤90, 91-180, and ≥181 day-old were 12.2% (10/82, 95% confidence interval: 6.0-21.3%), 0.0% (0/42, 95% confidence interval: 0.0-8.4%), and 7.7% (1/13, 95% confidence interval: 0.2-36.0%), respectively. Five C. difficile isolates carried genes encoding toxins A and B, while the remaining isolates contained only toxin B. However, none of the C. difficile carriers had diarrhea. These results highlight the necessity of promoting adequate hygiene precautions in pet shops to prevent infection by C. difficile.
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Molecular Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. among Companion Birds Kept in Pet Shops in Japan
Yuko Iijima,Naoyuki Itoh,Totsapon Phrompraphai,Yoichi Ito,Yuya Kimura,Satoshi Kameshima 대한기생충학열대의학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.56 No.3
Cryptosporidium is the most common protozoan that can infect a wide range of animals, including mammals and birds. Avian Cryptosporidium spp. can cause enteric and respiratory diseases which can be fatal in birds and some species are zoonotic. Companion birds have the potential as reservoir due to their close contact with humans. Pet shops are the major source of companion birds. However, few reports are available regarding Cryptosporidium spp. infection among companion birds kept in pet shops. The present study reports the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. among companion birds kept in pet shops in Japan. A total of 265 fresh fecal samples were obtained from birds kept in 4 pet shops; these birds belonged to 41 species in 3 bird orders. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the small subunit rRNA gene was employed for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. A total of 24 samples (9.1%) were positive, and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected from all pet shops. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in each of the bird orders was 6.5% (10/153) in Psittaciformes, 14.4% (13/90) in Passeriformes, and 4.5% (1/22) in Galliformes. Based on sequence analysis, 13 (54.2%) isolates were classified to C. galli, 8 (33.3%) were avian genotype III, and the remaining 3 (12.5%) were C. baileyi. No infection with zoonotic C. meleagridis and no coinfection with multiple Cryptosporidium spp. and/or genotypes were observed. The zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. infecting companion birds kept in pet shops in Japan is likely to be low.
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Amano Yuto,Itoh Takashi,Terao Hoshiaki,Kanetake Naoyuki 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
For precise property control of sintered products, it is important to understand accurately the packing density of the powder. We developed a packing simulation program that could make a packed bed of spherical particles having particle size distribution. In addition, the influence of the particle shape of the actual powder on the packing density was quantitatively analyzed. The predicted packing densities corresponded well to the actual data.
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Circadian variations in salivary chromogranin a concentrations during a 24-hour period in dogs
Kazutaka Kanai,Mariko Hino,Yasutomo Hori,Ruriko Nakao,Fumio Hoshi,Naoyuki Itoh,Seiichi Higuchi 대한수의학회 2008 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.9 No.4
The purpose of this study was to determine if salivary chromogranin a secretion in dogs exhibits a circadian rhythm. Saliva sampling was performed during three different sessions occurring in three nonconsecutive 24-h periods. Sixteen healthy adult beagle dogs (8 males and 8 females) were moved to a sampling room and housed individually in cages. Saliva samples were obtained every 4 h from 12:00 p.m. to 12:00 p.m. the following day. In the interest of habituation, saliva was obtained hourly from each dog 3 h before the experiment was started. Salivary chromogranin A concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No circadian rhythm was detected for salivary chromogranin A secretion, and no differences in salivary chromogranin A concentrations measured every 4 h were demonstrated during the 24-h cycle in dogs.
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