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Antioxidant Effect of Hemidesmus indicus on Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Namasivayam Nalini,Nadana Saravanan 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.4
The antioxidant effect of the ethanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus, an indigenous Ayurvedic medici-nal plant used in soft drinks in India, was studied in rats with ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Administering 20% ethanol (5liver/body weight ratio. The liver marker enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phos-phatae (ALP), .-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were elevated. In addition, the levels ofplasma, erythrocyte, and hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides (LOOH), and conjugateddienes (CD) were also elevated in ethanol-fed rats as compared to those of the experimental control rats. Decreased activitiesof superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, and. H.indicuswas administered at a dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight/day for the last 30 days of the experiment to rats with ethanol-induced liver injury, which significantly increased body weight, significantly decreased the liver/body weight ratio, AST, ALT,ALP, GGT, and LDH activities, and also the levels of TBARS, LOOH, and CD, significantly elevated the activities of SOD,CAT, GPx, and GSH in plasma, erythrocytes, and liver, and also increased levels of plasma and liver vitamin C and vitaminE at the end of the experimental period as compared to those of untreated ethanol-administeredd rats. Thus, our data indicatethat treatment with H. indicusand liver of animals with ethanol-induced liver injury.
Namasivayam Nalini,Rajagopal Senthilkumar 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.1
Glycine is known to have a protective role against alcohol-induced liver damage. The aim of our study wasto evaluate the effect of glycine on liver and brain glycoproteins in alcohol-fed rats. Administering ethanol (7.9 g/kg of bodyof weight) every day to Wistar rats for 60 days resulted in significantly elevated levels of liver and brain hexosamine, fucose,and sialic acid and significantly reduced levels of total hexoses as compared with those of the control rats. Simultaneousglycine supplementation (0.6 g/kg of body weight) during the last 30 days of the experiment to rats given alcohol normalizedthe levels of hexosamine, fucose, and sialic acid and elevated the levels of total hexoses in the liver and brain significantlyas compared with unsupplemented alcohol-treated rats. Microscopic examination of alcohol-fed rat liver showed inflamma-tory cell infiltrates and fatty changes, which were reversed on treatment with glycine. Similarly, alcohol-treated rat braindemonstrated edema, which was markedly reduced on treatment with glycine. Thus glycine administration plays a significantrole in reducing the toxicity of ethanol.
Inhibitors of Melanogenesis: An Updated Review
Pillaiyar, Thanigaimalai,Namasivayam, Vigneshwaran,Manickam, Manoj,Jung, Sang-Hun American Chemical Society 2018 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.61 No.17
<P>Melanins are pigment molecules that determine the skin, eye, and hair color of the human subject to its amount, quality, and distribution. Melanocytes synthesize melanin and provide epidermal protection from various stimuli, such as harmful ultraviolet radiation, through the complex process called melanogenesis. However, serious dermatological problems occur when there is excessive production of melanin in different parts of the human body. These include freckles, melasma, senile lentigo, pigmented acne scars, and cancer. Therefore, controlling the production of melanin is an important approach for the treatment of pigmentation related disorderes. In this Perspective, we focus on the inhibitors of melanogenesis that directly/indirectly target a key enzyme tyrosinase as well as its associated signaling pathways.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Pillaiyar, Thanigaimalai,Manickam, Manoj,Namasivayam, Vigneshwaran,Hayashi, Yoshio,Jung, Sang-Hun American Chemical Society 2016 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.59 No.14
<P>Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a newly emerged coronavirus that infected more than 8000 individuals and resulted in more than 800 (10-15%) fatalities in 2003. The causative agent of SARS has been identified as a novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and its viral protease, SARS-CoV 3CL<SUP>pro</SUP>, has been shown to be essential for replication and has hence been recognized as a potent drug target for SARS infection. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this epidemic despite the intensive research that has been undertaken since 2003 (over 3500 publications). This perspective focuses on the status of various efficacious anti-SARS-CoV 3CL<SUP>pro</SUP> chemotherapies discovered during the last 12 years (2003-2015) from all sources, including laboratory synthetic methods, natural products, and virtual screening. We describe here mainly peptidomimetic and small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV 3CL<SUP>pro</SUP>. Attempts have been made to provide a complete description of the structural features and binding modes of these inhibitors under many conditions.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Jacob Vinitha Judith,Namasivayam Vasudevan 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.2
Increased productions of waste from industries have persuaded in sustainable and naturally stable methods to reuse the waste. Utilization of wastes for the synthesis of nanomaterial is of significant importance due to its extensive variety of uses in various industrial sectors. This review focuses on potential options available for nanomaterial synthesis from waste produced by industrial activities and manufacturing processes. Possible application of industrial waste derived nanomaterial for the expulsion of organic and inorganic contaminants is discussed. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges in this emerging research area of converting industrial waste to nanomaterials are addressed.
Terpenoid, Benzenoid, and Phenylpropanoid Compounds in the Floral Scent of Vanda Mimi Palmer
Ab. Rahim Mohd-Hairul,Parameswari Namasivayam,Gwendoline Ee Cheng Lian,Janna Ong Abdullah 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.54 No.5
Vanda Mimi Palmer is the product of a cross between Vanda Tan Chay Yan and Vanda tessellata. The flower of this hybrid produces a sweet-smelling fragrance during day time at the open-flower stage. This study aimed to investigate the floral scent constituents in Vanda Mimi Palmer. Scent emission analysis of this orchid was carried out at different time points in a 24-h cycle and also at different floral developmental stages. A comparison was also made on the volatiles emitted by Vanda Mimi Palmer and both of its parents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the scent of Vanda Mimi Palmer was dominated by terpenoid, benzenoid, and phenylpropanoid compounds. The identified terpenoids were ocimene, linalool oxide, linalool, and nerolidol;while the benzenoid and phenylpropanoid compounds were methylbenzoate, benzyl acetate, phenylethanol, and phenylethyl acetate. The emission of terpenoid, benzenoid,and phenylpropanoid compounds was developmentally and temporally regulated. Comparison of the volatiles emitted by both of its parents showed that the scent of Vanda Mimi Palmer is dissimilar to that of its fragrant parent, V. tessellata.
Shahanaz Sultana,Chai Ling Ho,Suhaimi Napis,Veronika,Parameswari Namasivayam 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.4
9-Cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is an important enzyme which catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of abscisic acid(ABA), a plant growth regulator which plays a vital role in stress tolerance. In this study, a cDNA sequence encoding NCED from amangrove plant (Acanthus ebracteatus) was analyzed and overexpressed in rice. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence ofAeNCED revealed an open reading frame of 1,638 bp encoding a protein of 545 amino acids, with a 123 bp 5’-untranslated region(UTR) and a 259 bp 3’-UTR. The deduced amino acid sequence of AeNCED is more than 80% identical to the amino acid sequencesof carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase from carrot, tomato, and coffee. The RNA encoding AeNCED was detected in transgenic rice(Oryza sativa cv. BRRI dhan29) plants overexpressing this cDNA. These plants only showed significantly higher tolerance to salinityat germination and better performance at seedling stages. The levels of ABA in transgenic rice seedlings overexpressing AeNCEDtreated with 100 mM NaCl for 24 hours were higher than those of untransformed plants. However, a higher level of dihydrophaseicacid (DPA) and ABA glucose ester (ABA-GE) were also observed in these transgenic plants suggesting that rapid degradation ofABA through a self-regulation mechanism