한국인에 의한 농약의 이론적 최대섭취량 및 안전지표의 산정

이서래,이미경,김남형 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

우리나라에서 식품중 농약잔류 허용기준의 적합성을 평가하고 Codex 기준의 수용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 허용기준치와 한국인의 식품계수 만을 적용한 농약성분의 이론적 최대섭취량을 계산한 다음 ADI 값과 비교하였다. 국내에서 혀용기준이 설정된 105개 농약성분의 ADI 대비율은 대부분이 80% 이하 수준을 유지하고 있으나 ADI를 초과하는 농약은 13개 성분이었다. 한편 Codex 기준에서 ADI를 초과하는 22개 성분에 대해서는 그 원인을 지적하였으며 안전마진 확보를 위한 대책이 마련되어야 할 것이다. In order to evaluate the acceptability of Korea and Codex maximum residue limits(MRLs), theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) by Korean population was calcaulated from MRL and food factor and compared with acceptable daily intake(ADI). The percent ratio of TMDI to ADI for 105 pesticides whose MRL was established in Korea was mostly below 80% and 13 pesticides exceeded the ADI. Among 82 pesticides with Codex MRL, 20 items exceeded the ADI. The main causes of exceeding the ADI according to Korea or Codex MRLs were pointed out for 22 items and it was needed to set measures to assure a safety margin.

창던지기 경기의 투사구간에 대한 운동학적 분석

홍상래,남청웅,정남주 호남대학교산업기술연구소 2008 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.14 No.-

창던지기 기술 구조에 대한 이해를 돕고 선수들의 훈련 및 지도에 도움을 주고자 제 88회 전국체육대회에 참가한 남자 일반부 선수의 경기장면을 직접 촬영하여 이중 l위부터 6위까지의 투사동작을 선별하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다.1. 릴리즈 시 투사요인의 투사높이는 평균 85.6±3.9%, 투사각도는 평균 37.23±4.89deg.를 투사속도는 평균 24.03±2.55 m/s를 보였다. 2. 투사구간의 예비단계와 투사단계에서 예비단계의 소요시간이 투사 단계의 소요시간보다 길게 나타났다. 3. 분절각도에서는 우수한 선수일수록 주관절각, 견관절각, 슬관절각은 크고 전 경각은 작게 나타났다. 4. 투사순간의 몸통회전각도는 우수한 선수일수록 큰 것으로 나타났다. 몸통회전각이 큼에 따라 힘을 전달할 가속구간이 커지게 되어 이동 거리를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to investigate the technical structure of the javelin throwing and to improve the training and coaching. The subjects of this study were six male javelin throwers participated in the 81th national sports corroetition. The actual javelin event was taken by video camera The analyzing factors were throwing angle, throwing velocity, throwing height, time, moving displacement of CCG, segmental velocity and angle, rotating angle of the trunk. The conclusions were as follows. 1. It was showned that throng height was 85.6±3.9 and javelin was released to adequative degree, Among the athletes, M3 who had the best record was released the javelin with the fast velocity, but throw the javelin with the less releasing degree. 2. the longer distance the athletes record, the shorter time they had the shorter time the athletes throw javelin, the longer distance they throw javelin. 3. It was showned that athletes who had the best record was large in angle of the elbow joint, shoulder joint, and knee joint and small in leaning angle. 4. The best athletes showned the large rotation of the trunk in throwing the javelin and because accelerating phase was large. moving distance was increased as to increasing the rotation of the trunk.

부산경제의 현재와 미래에 대한 두 설문 : 검토와 시사

김대래,김성용,박희문,박남률 신라대학교 경제경영연구소 2008 경제경영연구 Vol.9 No.-

While the crisis argument is proliferating due to the long-term economic depression and persistent population decline, diverse new ideas for future strategy are offered. Amid such a situation, two survey results on the future of Busan economy have been reported since the beginning of the year. The First one, which is on the future of Busan and developmental strategy, is conducted among 73 former employees of Kukje Newspaper. The other one includes an analysis of the survey conducted for program production of MBC's "Busan in 10 years" series, which was broadcasted in the second half of 2006. For this report, Busan's 100 most representative enterprises and enterprisers replied to the questionnaire, distributed by Busan MBC, along with busan chamber of commerce and industry. Both reports recognize current situation of Busan as difficult and expect that the future is not so bright either. Overall, they anticipate that the future status of Busan will decline even more and suggest that Busan must seek out its own development strategy that takes a full advantage of its peculiarity as a port city. On the other hand, there are some suggestions to overcome the structural problems that caused Busan's status decline. It is forecasted that restoring and expanding the Pacific-intended specialization structure will be an important foundation to prevent thestatus decline in a long-term. This indicates that increased exchange with North Korea, Provinces of North-East China, and Russia; the construction of international division of labor area with Kyushu, Japan; and the formation of south-east industry cluster are the critical foundations of future development.

성견 경골에서 자가장골이식이 임플란트 골유착에 미치는 영향

강남연,김명래,김선종 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2009 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.32 No.2

Objectives:This study was performed to evaluate the effect of autogenous iliac particulated marrow cancellous bone graft on osseointegration of implants in the dog tibia which has a loose bone marrow. Methods:Three mongrel dogs, weighing about15kg or more, and RBM(resorbable blasted media) AVANAⓡ implants(Osstem Inc., Korea) were used in this study. In the control groups, 2 implants sites were prepared conventionally with drills in the left metaphysic of tibia and 2 implants were placed in each dog under general anesthesia. In the experimental groups, 2 implant sites were prepared with drills. and the particulated marrow cancellous bone, which was obtained from the right ilium,was packed into both prepared sites with osteotomes in the right metaphysic of tib-ia in each dog. Two implants were placed. A total of 12 implants were placed in 3 dogs. The animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks after implant placement. The specimens were taken and embedded into the resin. H & E stain was done. The undecalcified specimens were prepared for histological examination and histomorphometric analysis of bone-implant contact ratios. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare both groups.Values of p<0.01were considered statistically significant. Results:In the cross-sectional radiographs of the control group no trabecular bone was observed in the marrow space and the implant was surrounded with radiolucent marrow space. In the experimental group Some radioaque trabecular bone was observed in the marrow space of tibia and some of the trabecula was contacted with implant surface. Histologically,in the control group few trabecular bone was observed in marrow space and there was poor osseointegration in the marrow. In the experimental group most marrow space was filled with the trabecular boneand the implant surface was contacted with trabecular bone. In histomorphomeric analysis the bone-implant contact ratio of the experimental group(75.6%) was significantly higher than that of the control group(27.1%,p<0.01). Conclusion:The autogeneous bone graft into the loose bone marrow can be an option to improve the bone density and to get better osseointegration of dental implants.

표면가열양샹에 의한 슬래브 콘크리트의 저온기 강도조기발현에 관한 연구

김형래,이재삼,지남용 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze several methods for accelerating concrete strength development at early ages. For this, the mix proportion of concrete. the kinds of chemical admixture and the curing temperature at early days were considered as the method for achieving 2/3 of design strength within 1.5~2.0 days after placing concrete. As the results. application of high strength concrete of W/C 34% was not able to acquire the required strength under the temperature condition below average 15℃. Although it's possible, the method would be too expensive. Consequently, high temperature curing method by surface planar heater at early days was considered. Only first 24 hours heating made possible the achieving of required strength.

캔 및 병 오렌지쥬스의 저장온도에 따른 Q_10값 및 품질수명의 산정

이남경,윤재영,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 캔 및 병 오렌지쥬스를 20,30,40,50℃에서 24주 동안 저장하면서 4주 간격으로 개봉하여 중금속(Sn,Fe,Pb) 함량, 비타민 C 함량, 갈색도와 pH의 변화에 대한 측정치로부터 온도별 활성화 에너지와 Q_10값을 계산한 다음 shel-life를 예측하였다. 캔쥬스의 품질지표로 삼을 수 잇는 것은 Sn,Fe,Pb함량, 비타민 C 함량이었고, 병쥬스에서는 비타민 C 함량, 갈색도이었으며 이들 품질지표에 대한 Q_10값은 1.3~2.0이었다. 쥬스를 50℃에 저장시 품질 허용한계에 도달하는데 요하는 기간과 Q_10 대표값으로 부터 shel-life를 계산하면 캔쥬스의 경우 10,20,30℃에서 각각 10,6,3개월 이었고, 병쥬스의 경우 각각 24,12,6개월이었다. 국내에서의 쥬스 유통온도를 평균 15℃로 가정할 때 적정 품질수명은 캔쥬스 8개월, 병쥬스 18개월로 평가되엇다. 캔 오렌지쥬스의 안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 식품공전Pb 허용기준(0.3㎎/㎏)의 재검토와 아울러 캔 재질의 개선을 위한 연구노력이 요구된다. Canned and bottled orange juices currently sold in Korean market were stored for 24 wweeks at 20, 30, 50 and 50℃ and analyzed after opening at 4 week intervals. Activation energy, Q_10 values and shelf-life at respective temperatures were calculated from the data on various quality indexes. Proposed indexes were lead, tin, iron and vitamin C contents in canned juices and vitamin C content and browning index in bottled juices and Q_10 values for these parameters were in the range of 1.3~2.0. Shelf-life calculated for canned juices at 10, 20 and 30℃ were 10, 6 and 3 months and that in bottled juices, 24, 12 and 6 months, respectively. When the distriburion temperature of juices in Korea is assumed to be 15℃ average, the optimum shelf-life was estimated to be 8 months in canned juices and 18 months in bottled juices. In order to ascertain the safety of canned orange juices, efforts are needed to re-examine the recommended distribution period, legal limit for lead and improvement of container materials.

캔 및 병 오렌지쥬스의 저장중 중금속과 비타민 C 함량의 변화

이남경,윤재영,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 캔 및 병 오렌지쥬스를 20,30,40,50℃에서 24주 동안 저장하면서 4주 간격으로 개봉하여 중금속(Sn,Fe,Pb) 함량, 비타민 C 함량, 갈색도와 pH의 변화를 조사하였다. 병쥬스에서는 Sn,Fe,Pb모두 저장 중 그 함량 변화가 거의 일어나지 않았으나 캔쥬스는 중금속 용출에 대한 온도의 영향이 두드러지게 나타났다. 즉,Sn농도는 16주후 저장 전의 2.7~13.1배로 증가하였고, Fe농도는 24주후 4.3~5.2배로 증가하였으며 Pb농도는 24주 후 1.1~2.9배로 증가하였다. 캔쥬스의 총 비타민C 잔존율은 24주 후 20℃에서는 큰 변화가 없었으나 30~50℃에서는 13~76%로 감소하였고, 병쥬스의 경우는 4~80%로 감소하였다. 캔쥬스의 갈색도는 24주 후 40℃ 이하에서는 조금 증가하였으나 50℃에서는 완전히 변색되었으며 병쥬스의 경우는 모든 온도에서 캔쥬스보다 좀 더 변색되었다. 오렌지 쥬스의 pH는 40℃ 이하에서 포장용기에 상관없이 저장 중 거의 변화가 없었으나 50℃에서는 24주후 캔용기의 팽창과 함께 pH의 급격한 증가를 나타냈다. 국내에서 유통되고 있는 캔쥬스의 품질유지를 위한 유통기한을 재컴토해야 될 것이다. The effect of storage temperature and period on the contents of tin, iron, lead and vitamin C, browning index and pH was studied for canned and bottled orange juices currently sold in Koreanmarket, which were storeed for 24 weeks at 20, 30, 40 and 50℃ and analyzued at 4 week intervals. The change of metla content in cottled juices was negligible but metal release in canned juices was remarkably affected by storage temperature. Tin content after 16 weeks increased by 2.7~13.1 times, iron content after 24weeks increased by 4.3~5.2 times and lead content after 24 weeks increased by 1.1~2.9 times. Retention of total ascorbic acid in canned juices after 24 weeks at 30~50℃ decreased to 13~76%, while that in bottled juices decreased to 4~80%. Browning index in canned juices after 24 weeks below 40℃ increased slightly with serious discoloration at 50℃ while that in bolttled juices increased a little rapud. pH chane in canned and bottled juices during storage below 40℃ was not observed regardless of container type but a great change of pH was accompanied with swelling of container ends in the case of canned juices after 24 weeks at 50℃.

쌀의 취반 중 Phenthoate 농약 잔류분의 제거

김남형,이미경,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1996 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

인위적으로 phenthoate 농약성분을 부착시킨 쌀의 취반(炊飯), 즉 수세 및 가열조리시 농약잔류분의 제거율을 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가정에서의 세척방법에 준하여 3회 반복 수세한 쌀에서 phenthoate는 49%가 잔존하였으므로 수세에 의해 51%가 제거되었다. 수세과정에서는 첫번째 세척액(뜨물)에서 37.3%(여과액 7.8%, 잔사 29.5%), 두번째 세척액에서 14.3%(여과액 6.2%, 잔사 8.1%), 세번째 세척액에서 8.9%(여과액 5.8%, 잔사 3.1%)가 제거되었다. 세척액 중 phenthoate 잔류분은 뜨물 여과액보다 뜨물 잔사에서 더 많이 발견되었다. 전기밥솥에서 가열조리한 쌀밥에서 phenthoate 잔존율은 41%이었으므로 수세 및 가열조리에 의해 오염된 phenthoate의 59%가 제거되었다. Phenthoate 성분은 열에 안정해 취반시에도 분해되지 않는 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로 쌀 중에 잔류하는 phenthoate 성분은 취반과정시 주로 수세과정에 의하여 제거되므로 가열조리전 수세과정을 반드시 3회 이상 거치는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구결과는 쌀 중 phenthoate의 잔류 허용기준 설정시 감소계수(0.4)로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This study was undertaken in order to elucidate the elimination of phenthoate residues by washing and cooking processes of rice which is the most important food crop in Korea. When contaminated rice was washed with distilled water three times, the removal rate of total phenthoate was 51%. The removal rate in the successive washings was 37.3%(wash filtrate 7.8%, wash sediment 29.5%)in the first, 14.3%(wash filtrate 6.2%, wash sediment 8.1%)in the second and 8.9%(wash filtrate 5.8%, wash sediment 3.1%)in the third washings. More than half of the residue was removed by the first washing and most residues were foumd in the sediment rather than in the filtrate of the rice washings. The residue rate of phenthoate after cooking by an electric rice cooker was 41%, indicating that the removal rate after cooking was 59%, because phenthoate is thermally stable at the cooking temperature. In conclusion, phenthoate residues contaminated in rice grains are greatly removed in the washing process and it is desirable to wash the grains before cooking in order to decrease the hazards from pesticide residues such as phenthoate. Reduction factor of phenthoate in rice cooking is proposed to be 0.4.

계층화된 퍼지 인식도를 이용한 웹 사이트 디자인 시뮬레이션에 관한 연구

이건창,정남호,조형래 한국경영과학회 2001 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

It is well known that the web design is composed of several factors which are interacting with each other. However, the current approach to web design has been focused on modifying specific factors without considering its impact on other factors. In this sense, we propose more holistic approach to the web design by using fuzzy cognitive map. For this purpose, we form an illustrative fuzzy cognitive map for the web design which is based on the literature, and analyze an impact of change in a specific factor on other factors. Especially, to improve the output analyzability, we suggest an advanced version of fuzzy congnitive map called stratified fuzzy cognitive map. After simulating the fuzzy cognitive map for web design, we could conclude that our approach is robust and effective compared to the traditional web design approach.

백일해 백신이 Streptozotocin 유발성 당뇨백서의 당대사에 미치는 영향

박상기,문경래,박춘호,김갑승,박영봉,이병래,양남웅 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.16 No.1

Streptozotocin(STZ) may produce a permanent form of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) in experimental animals. This STZ-induced diabetes has become an useful model to study the pathogenesis of IDD in man primarily because it approximate clinical findings and also because it lends itself easily to controlled manipulation. The diabetogenic activity of STZ, however, is known to be modified by several agents such as nicotinamide, diazoxide, adrenergic blockers and pertussis vaccine (PV). The present study was undertaken to observe the protective effect of PV or boiled pertussis vaccine(bPV; incubating the PV at 80℃ for 30 minutes) against the development of IDD induced by STZ in young rats, and also the effect of PV on the activities of glycolytic & gluconeogeneic enzymes in both liver and muscle of rat. PV at a dose of 1.2×10^(10) microorganism was administrated intrapntoneally on 3days before & 7days after a single injection of STZ (GO㎎/㎏ body wt). The blood glucose and insulin levels were measured at 1st wk, 2nd wk, 4th wk, 6th wk and 8th wk after STZ injection, and the enzyme activities were exemined at 8th wk. The following results were obtained. 1. No significant difference was noted in blood glucose levels between STZ group and STZ+PV or STZ+bPV groups (P>0.05). 2. Blood insulin levels in STZ group decreased significantly from 2nd wk(P<0.05). Compared with STZ group, blood insulin levels in STZ+PV & STZ+bPV groups were higher, but not a significant value except at 2nd wk in STZ+PV grouP (P<0.05). 3. Compared with STZ group, hepatic glycolytic enzyme activities were significantly increased in STZ+PV or STZ+bPV groups, and muscular glycolytic enzyme activities were significantly increased in STZ+PV or STZ+bPV groups. 4. Compared with STZ group, hepatic gluconeogeneic enzyme activities were significantly increased in STZ+PV or STZ+bPV groups. These results suggest that the PV has somewhat protective effects on blood insulin levels and tissue glycolytic enzyme activities in rats, but it could not reduced blood glucose levels significantly, probably because of excessive increase of hepatic gluconeogeneic enzymes.