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Yen H. Vo,Thanh V. Le,Hieu D. Nguyen,Tuong A. To,Hiep Q. Ha,Anh T. Nguyen,Anh N.Q. Phan,Nam T.S. Phan 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.64 No.-
Zirconium-based metal-organic framework MOF-808 was synthesized, and sulfated with aqueous sulfuric acid. Sulfated MOF-808 was utilized as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of quinazolinones from β-ketoesters and benzamides, and for the synthesis of benzimidazoles from β-ketoesters and o-phenylenediamines in glycerol as a green solvent. The sulfated MOF-808 catalyst was more active than many heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. The combination of the sulfated MOF-808 and glycerol was also effective for the reaction of o-aminothiophenols with β-diketones or cyclic β-diketones to produce benzothiazoles. To our best knowledge, MOF-based catalysts were not previously utilized as heterogeneous catalyst in glycerol as green solvent.
Malcolm E. Dombrowski,Adam S. Olsen,Nicholas Vaudreuil,Brandon K. Couch,Qing Dong,Michelle Tucci,Joon Y. Lee,Nam V. Vo,Gwendolyn Sowa 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.1
Objective: Rabbit annulus fibrosus (AF) cells were exposed to isolated or combined mechanical and inflammatory stress to examine the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY). This study aims to explore the ability of AF cells to produce NPY in response to mechanical and inflammatory stress. Methods: Lumbar AF cells of 6- to 8-month-old female New Zealand white rabbits were harvested and exposed to combinations of inflammatory (interleukin-1β) and mechanical (6% or 18%) tensile stress using the Flexcell System. NPY concentrations were measured in the media via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The presence of NPY receptor-type 1 (NPY-1R) in AF cells of rabbit intervertebral discs was also analyzed via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Results: Exposure to inflammatory stimuli showed a significant increase in the amount of NPY expression compared to control AF cells. Mechanical strain alone did not result in a significant difference in NPY expression. While combined inflammatory and mechanical stress did not demonstrate an increase in NPY expression at low (6%) levels of strain, at 18% strain, there was a large—though not statistically significant—increase in NPY expression under conditions of inflammatory stress. Lastly, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry of AF cells and tissue, respectively, demonstrated the presence of NPY-1R. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that rabbit AF cells are capable of expressing NPY, and expression is enhanced in response to inflammatory and mechanical stress. Because both inflammatory and mechanical stress contribute to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), this observation raises the potential of a mechanistic link between low back pain and IDD.