Sensitive and Noninvasive Detection of Aberrant SFRP2 and MGMT-B Methylation in Iranian Patients with Colon Polyps

Naini, M Alizade,Mokarram, P,Kavousipour, S,Zare, N,Atapour, A,Zarin, M Hassan,Mehrabani, G,Borji, M Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Background: The pathogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced by the patient genetic background and environmental factors. Based on prior understanding, these are classified in two major pathways of genetic instability. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and CPG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) are categorized as features of the hypermethylated prototype, and chromosomal instability (CIN) is known to be indicative of the non-hypermethylated category. Secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2), APC1A in WNT signaling pathway and the DNA repair gene, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), are frequently hypermethylated in colorectal cancer. Detection of methylated DNA as a biomarker by easy and inexpensive methods might improve the quality of life of patients with CRC via early detection of cancer or a precancerous condition. Aim: To evaluate the rate of SFRP2 and MGMT hypermethylation in both polyp tissue and serum of patients in south Iran as compared with matched control normal population corresponding samples. Materials and Methods: Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect hypermethylation in DNA extracted from 48 polypoid tissue samples and 25 healthy individuals. Results: Of total polyp samples, 89.5% had at least one promoter gene hypermethylation. The most frequent methylated locus was SFRP2 followed by MGMT-B (81.2 and 66.6 percent respectively). Serologic detection of hypermethylation was 95% sensitive as compared with polyp tissue. No hypermethylation was detected in normal tissue and serum and its detection in patients with polyps, especially of serrated type, was specific. Conclusions: Serologic investigation for detection of MGMT-B, SFRP2 hypermethylation could facilitate prioritization of high risk patients for colonoscopic polyp detection and excision.

Mentolabial angle and aesthetics: a quantitative investigation of idealized and normative values

Naini, Farhad B.,Cobourne, Martyn T.,Garagiola, Umberto,McDonald, Fraser,Wertheim, David Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2017 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.39 No.-

Background: This study is a quantitative evaluation of the influence of the mentolabial angle on perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery. Methods: The mentolabial angle of an idealized silhouette male Caucasian profile image was altered incrementally between $84^{\circ}$ and $162^{\circ}$. Images were rated on a Likert scale by pretreatment orthognathic patients (n = 75), lay people (n = 75) and clinicians (n = 35). Results: A mentolabial angle of approximately $107^{\circ}$ to $118^{\circ}$ was deemed the most attractive, with a range of up to $140^{\circ}$ deemed acceptable. Angles above or below this range were perceived as unattractive, and anything outside the range of below $98^{\circ}$ or above $162^{\circ}$ was deemed very unattractive. A deep mentolabial angle ($84^{\circ}$) or an almost flat angle ($162^{\circ}$) was deemed the least attractive. In terms of threshold values of desire for surgery, for all groups, a threshold value of ${\geq}162^{\circ}$ and ${\leq}84^{\circ}$ indicated a preference for surgery, although clinicians were least likely to suggest surgery. The clinician group was the most consistent, and for many of the images, there was some variation in agreement between clinicians and lay people as to whether surgery is required. There was even more variability in the assessments for the patient group. Conclusions: It is recommended that in orthognathic and genioplasty planning, the range of normal variability of the mentolabial angle, in terms of observer acceptance, is taken into account as well as threshold values of desire for surgery. The importance of using patients as observers in attractiveness research is stressed.

Validation of a new three-dimensional imaging system using comparative craniofacial anthropometry

Naini, Farhad B.,Akram, Sarah,Kepinska, Julia,Garagiola, Umberto,McDonald, Fraser,Wertheim, David Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2017 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.39 No.-

Background: The aim of this study is to validate a new three-dimensional craniofacial stereophotogrammetry imaging system (3dMDface) through comparison with manual facial surface anthropometry. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference between craniofacial measurements using anthropometry vs. the 3dMDface system. Methods: Facial images using the new 3dMDface system were taken from six randomly selected subjects, sitting in natural head position, on six separate occasions each 1 week apart, repeated twice at each sitting. Exclusion criteria were excess facial hair, facial piercings and undergoing current dentofacial treatment. 3dMDvultus software allowed facial landmarks to be marked and measurements recorded. The same measurements were taken using manual anthropometry, using soluble eyeliner to pinpoint landmarks, and sliding and spreading callipers and measuring tape to measure distances. The setting for the investigation was a dental teaching hospital and regional (secondary and tertiary care) cleft centre. The main outcome measure was comparison of the craniofacial measurements using the two aforementioned techniques. Results: The results showed good agreement between craniofacial measurements using the 3dMDface system compared with manual anthropometry. For all measurements, except chin height and labial fissure width, there was a greater variability with the manual method compared to 3D assessment. Overall, there was a significantly greater variability in manual compared with 3D assessments (p < 0.02). Conclusions: The 3dMDface system is validated for craniofacial measurements.

Simultaneous detection of Lead and Cadmium using a composite of Zeolite Imidazole Framework and Reduced Graphene Oxide (ZIF-67/rGO) via electrochemical approach

Naini Garg,Akash Deep,Amit L Sharma 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.4

Present work reports the application of a composite of ZIF-67/rGO for the simultaneous detection of traces of lead and cadmium via square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) technique. For this, graffoil sheets were modified with synthesized composite for the electrode fabrication [(ZIF-67/rGO)/Graffoil] for its use in sensing studies. The SWASV response of (ZIF-67/rGO)/Graffoil electrode was optimized against deposition potential (-1.0 V) and time (350 s), required for the accumulation of metal ions onto the sensor electrode. The performance of the sensing electrode was then evaluated for lead (Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>) and cadmium (Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>) ions at various concentrations. The sensor displayed linear response in a wide concentration range of 5-100 ppb. The peak current of the electrode was found to be shifted towards the higher potential at higher metal ion concentrations. Based on the response measured, the limit of detection (LOD) of the fabricated sensor has been estimated and found to be 5 and 2.93 ppb for Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> and Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> ions, respectively. The results obtained revealed good specificity of the proposed sensor towards Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> and Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> ions in the co-presence of several other ions. In addition, the sensor exhibited good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of ~2% for both Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> and Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> ions.

The maxillary incisor labial face tangent: clinical evaluation of maxillary incisor inclination in profile smiling view and idealized aesthetics

Naini, Farhad B.,Manouchehri, Shaadi,Al-Bitar, Zaid B.,Gill, Daljit S.,Garagiola, Umberto,Wertheim, David Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2019 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.41 No.-

Background: To test the hypothesis that in profile smiling view, for ideal aesthetics, a tangent to the labial face of the maxillary central incisor crowns should be approximately parallel to the true vertical line and thereby perpendicular to the true horizontal line. Methods: An idealized female image was created with computer software and manipulated using the same software to construct an "ideal" female profile image with proportions, and linear and angular soft tissue measurements, based on currently accepted criteria for idealized Caucasian profiles. The maxillary incisor labial face tangent was altered in 5° increments from 70 to 120°, creating a range of images, shown in random order to 70 observers (56 lay people and 14 clinicians), who ranked the images from the most to the least attractive. The main outcome was the preference ranks of image attractiveness given by the observers. Results: The most attractive inclination of a tangent to the labial face of the maxillary incisor crowns in profile view in relation to the true horizontal line was 85°, i.e. 5° retroclined from a perpendicular 90° inclination. The most attractive range appears to be between 80 and 90°. Excessive proclination appeared to be less desirable than retroclination. Beyond 105° most observers recommend treatment. Conclusion: In natural head position, the ideal inclination of the maxillary incisor crown labial face tangent in profile view will be approximately parallel to the true vertical line and thereby approximately perpendicular to the true horizontal line.

Chair side measuring instrument for quantification of the extent of a transverse maxillary occlusal plane cant

Naini, Farhad B.,Messiha, Ashraf,Gill, Daljit S. Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2019 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.41 No.-

Background: Treatment planning the correction of a transverse maxillary occlusal plane cant often involves a degree of qualitative "eyeballing", with the attendant possibility of error in the estimated judgement. A simple chair side technique permits quantification of the extent of asymmetry and thereby quantitative measurements for the correction of the occlusal plane cant. Methods: A measuring instrument may be constructed by soldering the edge of a stainless steel dental ruler at 90° to the flat surface of a similar ruler. With the patient either standing in natural head position, or alternatively seated upright in the dental chair, and a dental photographic retractor in situ, the flat under-surface of the horizontal part of this measuring instrument is placed on a unilateral segment of a bilateral structure, e.g. the higher maxillary canine orthodontic bracket hook. The vertical ruler is held next to the contralateral canine tooth, and the vertical distance measured directly from the canine bracket to the flat under-surface of the horizontal part of the measuring instrument. Results: This vertical distance quantifies the overall extent of movement required to level the maxillary occlusal plane. Conclusions: This measuring instrument and simple chair side technique helps to quantify the overall extent of surgical levelling required and may be a useful additional technique in our clinical diagnostic armamentarium.

Triterpenoids from Dysoxylum genus and their biological activities

Al Arofatus Naini,Tri Mayant,Unang Supratman 대한약학회 2022 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.45 No.2

This study aims to analyze the ethnobotanical,chemical, and biological activities of triterpenoid compoundsisolated from the Dysoxylum genus of the Meliaceaefamily between 1974 and 2021. The species are mainly distributedin Africa, Asia, and Australia, and used as a traditionalmedicine to treat various diseases. Triterpenoid wasfi rst isolated in 1976 and as tetranortriterpenoid or limonoid,it was named dysobinin. Several studies were conducted formore than 40 years on the plants’ stems, bark, and leaves,where approximately 279 triterpenoid compounds fromseveral groups such as dammarane, nortriterpenoid, oleanane,lupane, tirucallane, cyclolanostane, or cycloartane,glabretal, and cycloapoeuphane-types were isolated withsome synthetic products. In addition, the hypothetical routeof triterpenes biosynthesis from this genus was identifi ed,and tirucallane-type were reported to be 37.6% of the totalcompounds. The anti-malarial, anti-feedant, antimicrobial,anti-infl ammatory, antioxidant, vasodilative eff ect, anti-viral,cortisone reductase, and cytotoxic activities of the extractwere also evaluated. The results showed the necessity ofusing the triterpenoid compounds from the Dysoxylum genusin traditional medicine and the discovery of new drugs.

Exosomes in craniofacial tissue reconstruction

Muhja Salah,Farhad B. Naini 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2022 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.44 No.-

Background: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy gained interest among scientists following the discovery of its therapeutic potential. However, their clinical use has been hindered due to their immunogenicity and tumorigenicity. Relatively recently, it has been unveiled that the mechanism by which MSC promote healing is by secreting exosomes. This raised the interest in developing cell-free therapy, avoiding the obstacles that deterred the translation of MSC therapy into clinical practice. Review: This comprehensive narrative review summarises the current understanding of exosome biogenesis and content. Moreover, the existing research on exosome use in bone tissue engineering is discussed. Conclusions: Exosome-based therapy may provide excellent potential in the field of bone tissue engineering and craniofacial reconstructive surgery. Further investigation is required before the technology can be translated into clinical practice.

Zonal analysis in contemporary aesthetic orthognathic surgical planning

Mehmet Manisali,Farhad B. Naini 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2023 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.45 No.-

Background The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of zonal analysis in orthognathic surgical planning. Case presentation The importance of developing this concept of facial zonal analysis is because grouping together elements of aesthetic importance in a region in a systematic manner allows for accurate diagnosis and logical treatment planning. An orthognathic case presentation is described to demonstrate this concept. Discussion The three facial zones described are related in terms of the presenting problem and in relation to the changes envisaged with each planned surgical movement. The importance of developing this concept of facial zonal analysis is because grouping together elements of aesthetic importance in a region in a systematic manner allows for accurate diagnosis and logical treatment planning. Consideration is given to the negative features that require improvement and the positive features that the clinician and patient would prefer not to alter. It also provides an organised tool for postoperative comparison of results. The analysis and synthesis of the information provided from this approach can aid contemporary orthognathic surgical planning.

Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: surgical techniques and the regional acceleratory phenomenon

Elif Keser,Farhad B. Naini 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2022 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.44 No.-

Background: Techniques to accelerate tooth movement have been a topic of interest in orthodonticsover the past decade. As orthodontic treatment time is linked to potential detrimental effects, such as increaseddecalcification, dental caries, root resorption, and gingival inflammation, the possibility of reducing treatment timein orthodontics may provide multiple benefits to the patient. Another reason for the surge in interest in acceleratedtooth movement has been the increased interest in adult orthodontics. Review: This review summarizes the different methods for surgical acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. Italso describes the advantages and limitations of these techniques, including guidance for future investigations. Conclusions: Optimization of the described techniques is still required, but some of the techniques appear to offerthe potential for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and improving outcomes in well-selected cases.