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Naeem Iqbal,Shafqat SAEED,Theodore A. EVANS,권용정 한국곤충학회 2015 Entomological Research Vol.45 No.2
The knowledge of the seasonal foraging activity and the numbers of foragers in a colony would be helpful for designing effective termite baiting programs. The current study presents the seasonal activity of Microtermes mycophagus Desneux in a tree plantation in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan, using silk cotton tree wood traps during 2011–2013. The population of M. mycophagus was also estimated using the constant removal method. The number of workers in the underground traps showed a seasonal trend with the highest capture rate occurring during summer and the lowest during winter. The peak in the population (1139 workers/trap) was observed in October after the rainy season. Positive and significant correlation was found between the mean air temperature and the numbers of M. mycophagus workers captured. The constant removal population estimates revealed 16 499–40 265 individuals in the colony of M. mycophagus. Our results suggest that for cost–effective management of the termite species, baiting programs should be started immediately after August when rapid increases in activity of M. mycophagus have been recorded.
Iqbal, Naeem,Cho, Eun Jin American Chemical Society 2016 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.81 No.5
<P>An efficient visible-light photocatalysis-based one-pot amide synthesis method was developed; visible-light irradiation of a mixture of an aldehyde, tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide, and N-chlorosuccinimide using a Ru(bpy)(3)Cl-2 photocatalyst afforded an acid chloride, which subsequently reacted with amine to yield the corresponding amide. The reaction was used to synthesize modobemide and a D3 receptor intermediate.</P>
Naeem Iqbal,Abid Mahmood Alvi,Muhammad Shoaib,Abdul Rashied,Qamar Saeed,Muhammad Amjad Bashir 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2
Fungus-growing termites are important pests in buildings and agriculture in Pakistan and are difficult to control with existing bait systems. Development of bait systems requires the knowledge of foraging behavior of termite species. Behavior of foraging workers depends upon the quality and quantity of the food placed in the bait stations. In the current study, we tested 16 different woods (of varying density) for their susceptibility to an important fungus-growing termite, Odontotermes obesus (Rambur). The aim was to find a highly susceptible wood for use in bait stations. The woods were evaluated in no-choice and choice feeding experiments in the field by mass loss and visual ratings to the termites. Statistically significant differences were recorded (P < .001). Woods having low density were preferred to high density woods. Highest mass losses (%) were recorded from Ficus religiosa (86.49–87.8%), Bombax malabaricum (86.53–88.43%) and Populus euramericana (75.62–76.31%) in both no-choice and choice tests under “very heavy attack (almost collapsed) to completely consumed” visual rating category. The woods having least mass losses were Albizia lebbeck heartwood (7.03–9.91%), Syzygium cumini (14.25–19.89%) and Dalbergia sissoo heartwood (14.35–24.88%) and had “slightly to superficial attack” with minimum rating values. Ficus religiosa, B. malabaricum and P. euramericana appear suitable woods for use in bait stations for fungus-growing termites.
Controlled Trifluoromethylation Reactions of Alkynes through Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Iqbal, Naeem,Jung, Jaehun,Park, Sehyun,Cho, Eun Jin WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 Angewandte Chemie Vol.126 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The control of a reaction that can form multiple products is a highly attractive and challenging concept in synthetic chemistry. A set of valuable CF<SUB>3</SUB>‐containing molecules, namely trifluoromethylated alkenyl iodides, alkenes, and alkynes, were selectively generated from alkynes and CF<SUB>3</SUB>I by environmentally benign and efficient visible‐light photoredox catalysis. Subtle differences in the combination of catalyst, base, and solvent enabled the control of reactivity and selectivity for the reaction between an alkyne and CF<SUB>3</SUB>I.</P>
Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis
Iqbal, Naeem,Choi, Sungkyu,Kim, Eunjin,Cho, Eun Jin American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.77 No.24
<P>A method for trifluoromethylation of alkenes has been developed employing visible light photoredox catalysis with CF<SUB>3</SUB>I, Ru(Phen)<SUB>3</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB>, and DBU. This process works especially well for terminal alkenes to give alkenyl-CF<SUB>3</SUB> products with only <I>E</I>-stereochemistry. The mild reaction conditions enable the trifluoromethylation of a range of alkenes that bear various functional groups.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/joceah/2012/joceah.2012.77.issue-24/jo3022346/production/images/medium/jo-2012-022346_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jo3022346'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Biocompatibility of cobalt iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in male rabbits
Furhan Iqbal,Tanveer Ahmad Tabish,Muhammad Naeem Ashiq,Muhammad Azeem Ullah,Shahid Iqbal,Muhammad Latif,Muhammad Ali,Muhammad Fahad Ehsan 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.7
Present study was conducted to study the in vivo biocompatibility of cobalt iron oxide magnetic nano-particles (CoFe2O4 MNPs) in rabbits. CoFe2O4 MNPs were synthesized by the conventional micro emulsion technique in crystallite size range of 30 to 50 nm. The lattice constant (a) and cell volume were found to be 8.386 Å and 589.75 Å3, respectively, revealed by XRD. Subject animals were divided in three groups--low dose, high dose and control group without nanoparticles implantation for biocompatibility evaluation. CoFe2O4 was intraperitoneally implanted in rabbits: low dose (1mg CoFe2O4/Kg body weight) and high dose (10mg CoFe2O4/Kg body weight). Blood, serum and histological study of vital organs (liver, heart, kidney and spleen) were carried out in seven days of time protocol after sacrificing of animals. Results indicated that CoFe2O4 had drastically affected the blood chemistry in a dose-dependent manner as RDWa (P=0.01), Platelet (P<0.001) and Plateletcrit (P<0.001) concentrations reduced significantly in low dose and high dose CoFe2O4 treatments as compared to sham treated control group. Histological analysis revealed that CoFe2O4 exposure resulted in disordered and abnormal histology of liver, kidney and that of muscles at surgical site. It is concluded that CoFe2O4 has low biocompatibility and higher toxicity levels in living system at the applied doses.
Effect of suction on flow of dusty fluid along exponentially stretching cylinder
Iqbal, Waheed,Jalil, Mudassar,Qazaq, Amjad,Khadimallah, Mohamed A.,Naeem, Muhammad N.,Hussain, Muzamal,Mahmoud, S.R.,Ghandourah, E.,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.3
The present manuscript focuses the effects of suction on the flow of the dusty fluid along permeable exponentially stretching cylinder. Derived PDEs for this work are changed into ODEs by adopting right transformations. Numerical procedure is carried out for the obtained resultant equations by Shooting Technique in accordance with Runge-Kutta (RK-6) technique. Obtained results for the parameters namely, particle interaction parameter, suction parameter and Reynold number parameters are probed thoroughly. Some salient points are: (a) Fluid velocity decreases and the dust phase velocity rises for the higher values of particle interaction parameter; (b) more suction produces retarding velocities for both the phases; (c) high Reynold number slows down the fluid velocity while the speed of dust phase and (d) skin friction coefficient goes high for all these parameters.
Interaction of casson nanofluid with Brownian motion: Temperature profile with shooting method
Iqbal, Waheed,Jalil, Mudassar,Khadimallah, Mohamed A.,Hussain, Muzamal,Naeem, Muhammad N.,Al Naim, Abdullah F.,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.4
In present study, the numerical investigations are carried out for effects of suction and blowing on boundary layer slip flow of casson nano fluid along permeable stretching cylinder in an exponential manner. The modeled PDEs are changed into nonlinear ODEs through appropriate nonlinear transformations. Change in physical quantities like friction coefficient, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers with variation of the aforementioned parameters are also examined and their numerical values are listed in the form of tables. Effects of Reynold number, suction parameter, Prandtl number, Lewis number, Brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter are seen graphically with temperature profile.
Iqbal, Amjad,Ullah, Sadiq,Naeem, Umair,Basir, Abdul,Ali, Usman The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.1
This paper presents a compact reconfigurable printed monopole antenna, operating in three different frequency bands (2.45 GHz, 3 GHz and 5.2 GHz), depending upon the state of the lumped element switch. The proposed multiband reconfigurable antenna is designed and fabricated on a 1.6 mm thicker FR-4 substrate having a relative permittivity of 4.4. When the switch is turned ON, the antenna operates in a dual band frequency mode, i.e. WiFi at 2.45 GHz (2.06-3.14 GHz) and WLAN at 5.4 GHz (5.11-5.66 GHz). When the switch is turned OFF, it operates only at 3 GHz (2.44-3.66 GHz). The antenna radiates omni-directionally in these bands with an adequate, bandwidth (>10 %), efficiency (>90 %), gain (>1.2 dB), directivity (>1.7 dBi) and VSWR (<2). The fabricated antenna is tested in the laboratory to validate the simulated results. The antenna, due to its reasonably compact size ($39{\times}37mm^2$), can be used in portable devices such as laptops and iPads.