Pyrrolidine alkaloids and their promises in pharmacotherapy

Muhammad Torequl Islam,Mohammad Suleiman Mubarak 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.1

This review aimed at summarizing the literature pertaining to the biological activities of pyrrolidine alkaloids and their derivatives obtained from various sources. For this purpose, an up-to-date search was made in various databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, The American Chemical Society and Google Scholar. Findings suggest that to date, a number of pyrrolidine alkaloids have been shown to possess several important biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and anthelmintic, anticancer, anti-hyperglycemic, organ protective, and neuropharmacological activities. Additionally, some alkaloids have been identified to exert toxic effects on the animal organs. Among these alkaloids, bgugaine and irniine are known to cause renal injuries, whereas nicotine and cocaine have been confirmed to cause neurotoxicity in experimental animals. Furthermore, pyrrolidine alkaloids can be some of the best sources of pharmacologically active lead compounds.

Chemical profile and biological activities of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.)

Islam Muhammad Torequl 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.2

This review aims at summarizing the chemical profile and biological activities of the mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala on the basis of published evidence in various databases. For this, an up-to-date (till Aug 2019) a search has been made in the PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar with relevant keywords. The search yielded 21 published papers regarding to the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of S. apetala and its derived compounds. Accumulated results suggest that different parts of the S. apetala contain various minerals, vitamins (e.g., ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin), and important secondary metabolites. To date, a number of biologically active principles have been isolated from this plant, including lupeol, caffeic acid (+)-catechin (−)-epicatechin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin. The plant possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anthelmintic, cytotoxic/anticancer, anti-diarrheal, analgesic, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Of note, S. apetala may be a potential source of nutrients, minerals and vitamins, and biologically-active lead compounds.

A literature-based phytochemical evidence and biological activities of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb

Muhammad Torequl Islam 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.2

A review is done on the phytochemical profile and biological effects of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. The findings suggest that this herb contains a number of important phytochemicals, which may link with its promising pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicorbial, anthelmintic, burn/wound healing, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, lipid lowering, neurological (anti-neuroinflammatory, anti-nociceptive and analgesic), gastro-protective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, cardio-protective, immunomodulatory, hair growth facilitatory and so on. With these, the clinical trial reports suggest that this herb can be used in the treatment of duodenal ulcer and skin disorder. Extracts from various parts of this herb and its derived compounds can be used to treat above-mentioned diseases/purposes, especially oxidative stress and its related diseases. More researches are highly appreciated to isolate and identify the active principles and their mechanisms of action of the biological activities.

A literature‑based phyto‑pharmacological review on A. conchigera Grif

Muhammad Torequl Islam 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.4

This paper aims to sketch an up-to-date phyto-pharmacological reports on Alpinia conchigera Grif. For this, published scientifc reports found in the databases: PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar were considered. The fndings suggest that A. conchigera contains various important secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, steroids, favonoids, saponins, triterpenes, and phenols. Rhizomes contain essential oils. A. conchigera possesses various important biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-infammatory and membrane stabilizing, anti-microbial, anthelmintic, larvicidal, anti-diarrheal and anti-motility, anti-cancer, anti-nociceptive, sedative, pesticidal, melanin synthesis inhibitory, anti-pyretic, and antiatherothrombosis efects. The anti-cancer efects of A. conchigera and its derivatives have been found by causing cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy and anti-proliferative efects in the test systems. Of note, A. conchigera may be one of the best sources of phytotherapeutic lead compounds.

An updated literature‑based review: phytochemistry, pharmacology and therapeutic promises of Nigella sativa L.

Muhammad Torequl Islam,Md. Roich Khan,Siddhartha Kumar Mishra 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.2

An in depth review on Nigella sativa and its derived constituents has been necessitated which has been sketched in this paper from the research reports obtained from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Findings of this meticulous review suggest that N. sativa possesses various important phytoconstituents and derived compounds with diverse biological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, anti-protozoal, antiviral, cytotoxic, anticancer, and neuro-, gastro-, cardio-, hepato- and nephro-protective activities. In addition, N. sativa implies beneficiary effects on reproductive, pulmonary and immune systems along with diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes), fertility, breast cancer, dermatological complications, dehydration, dyspepsia, osmotic balance and others. Amongst several isolated chemical moieties of N. sativa, thymoquinone may be one of the best targets for treatment of microbial infections, inflammations, cancer, metabolic syndromes, and many other diseases. The N. sativa is evident to promote health in some non-clinical and clinical studies and it may serve to be one of the best sources for modern phyto medicine.

Oxidative stress mediated cytogenotoxicological effects of phytol in wistar albino rats

Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros de Alencar,Muhammad Torequl Islam,Antonielly Campinho dos Reis,Santos José Victor de Oliveira,Adriana Maria Viana Nunes,Felipe Cavalcante Carneiro da Silva,Machado Keyl 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2023 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.23 No.1

Phytol (PHY), a diterpenoid, is known for its various bio-pharmacological activities. However, its toxicological profile has yet to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytogenotoxicological profile of PHY in Wistar albino rats. Forty-five female non-pregnant rats were treated acutely and subchronically with PHY at doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kg and 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg for 14 and 28 days. Neuropharmacological, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects were investigated. The results suggest that PHY did not cause the death of rats at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, suggesting a higher range of the LD50 of this diterpenoid. Several toxicological alterations were observed in clinical and neuropharmacological parameters depending upon the doses. No hepatic histopathological changes were observed. PHY induced genotoxicity in peripheral blood, bone marrow, liver, and kidney. PHY did not show damage repair activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the bone marrow, both acute and subchronic PHY treatments increased micronucleus frequency, indicating a mutagenic effect. PHY caused neuropharmacological alterations and genetic instability, possibly through the oxidative stress induction pathway.

Protective and toxicogenetic aspects of Piper betle

Md. Matiur Rahman,A. T. M. Yusuf,Muhammad Torequl Islam 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.4

Piper betle L. (Paan) is used as a chewing material in many Asian and Oceanic countries. Piper betle extracts and its derivatives possess a number of important pharmacological activities, however, the toxicological reports on this plant is insufcient. This paper aims to discuss the protective and toxicogenetic efects of P. betle and its derived compounds on the basis of scientifc reports found in the PubMed database. An up-to-date (Feb 2018) search made in the PubMed for scientifc evidence suggests that P. betle and its derivatives have antioxidant, anti-infammatory, anticancer, lipid-lowering, immuno-stimulatory, and organo-protective efects in various test systems. Safrole, hydroxy-chavicol, gamma-tocotrienol, hydroquinone, piperoleine A & B, allylpyrocatechol, and chavibetol are the important biologically active isolated components of various parts of P. betle. Safrole and hydroxy-chavicol are evident to exert both benefcial and toxic efects on the test systems. However, the toxicogenetic efects of the crude extracts of this herb and its compounds are dependent on the concentration/dose used. Of note, understanding toxicological impacts is crucial for any human consuming material. Piper betle is an important medicinal herb, however, more researches are necessary to claim its toxicogenetic efects.

Phytochemical screening and evaluation of pharmacological activities of aqueous extract of Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott

Tania Parvin,Mim Binti Akhlas,Fatema Khatun,Anzuman Akter,Md. Al Amin,Muhammad Torequl Islam,Razina Rouf 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.4

This study aimed at phytochemical analysis and evaluation of toxic and protective efects of the crude aqueous extract of Typhonium trilobatum. Toxicity analysis was done in Allium cepa, while anti-infammatory, and membrane stabilizing and clotlysis capacity were tested by using egg albumin and human erythrocytes, respectively. The results suggest that T. trilobatum aqueous extract contains alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, favonoids and reducing sugars. The crude extract exhibited toxicity in A. cepa in a time and concentration dependent manner. The highest root growth inhibition was observed at exposure time 72 h in 20% (v/v) concentration extract of the herb. The extract at low concentration (2.5 and 5%) reduced the root growth inhibition capacity at 48 h in comparison to 24 and 72 h, possibly by adaptation of DNA damage profle in the eukaryotic test system (A. cepa), which was further confrmed in anti-infammatory and membrane stabilizing, and anti-atherothrombosis test. In the latter cases, the extract at 0.02–0.08% (v/v) signifcantly (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001) inhibited protein denaturation, membrane lysis, while enhanced clotlysis capacity in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, the extract exerted toxic efects at high concentrations and protective efects at low concentrations. T. trilobatum may be one of the potential sources of phytotherapeutic agents, especially for the treatment of infammatory and cardiovascular diseases and disorders.

Cytogenotoxic study of aqueous fruit extract of Morinda citrifolia in Wistar albino rats

Germano Pinho de Moraes,Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros de Alencar,Lidiane da Silva Araújo,Débora Cássia Vieira Gomes,Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz,Muhammad Torequl Islam,Ana Amélia de Carvalho M 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.3

The use of herbal products and/or their derivatives as an alternative or complementary medicine becomes globally popular. To date, various biological activities have been reported in Morinda citrifolia Linn, especially antioxidants, antimicrobial, anti-infammatory and antitumor efects. This study aimed to investigate the genotoxicity and DNA repair capacity of the aqueous fruit extract of M. citrifolia (AEMC). Additionally, we checked the mutagenic capacity of AEMC by the comet assay and micronucleus tests in rats. For this, rats (n=10; 5 males and 5 females) were divided into fve groups as: negative control (distilled water); positive control (25 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, i.p.); and three groups for AEMC (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.). The results suggest that, the AEMC induced genotoxicity in white blood cells, but a DNA repair capacity was also observed after 72 h of AEMC exposure. AEMC also showed cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in liver and kidney cells of rats at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses. In conclusion, AEMC exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity along with a time-dependent DNA repair capacity in rats. Further studies are necessary regarding the safe use of this medicinal plant for human consumption.