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Valorization of spent activated carbon in glycerine deodorization unit for methylene blue removal
Hui Tang Shu,Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.4
Spent Calgon Filtrasorb activated carbon (SAC) from glycerine deodorization unit was evaluated for the removal of methylene blue (MB). The SAC was used without further modifcation. The SAC was characterized for BET surface area, pH, pHpzc and FTIR to determine the textural and chemical properties of SAC. The batch adsorption study of MB was carried out under diferent initial concentrations (5–500 mg/L), pH (2–11) and contact time (0–200 h). The SAC was found to have high BET surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of 735 m2 /g, 0.292 cm3 /g and 2.56 nm, respectively. The properties of SAC contributed to high MB adsorption capacity of 283 mg/g. The equilibrium data ftted well with Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption; while the activation energy (Ea) of Dubinin–Radushkevitch (D–R) model is lower than 8 kJ/mol, signifying physisorption. The adsorption kinetics was best illustrated by pseudo-second-order model, while the intraparticle difusion and Boyd models suggested that flm difusion is the rate-controlling step. These fndings showed that Calgon Filtrasorb SAC from glycerine deodorization unit can be potentially reused an adsorbent for the removal of dyes.
Faizal Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd,Halim Muhamad Hazim Abdul,Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.4
The present work is aimed at evaluating the kinetics and dynamic adsorption of methylene blue by CO2-activated carbon gels. The carbon gels were characterized by textural properties, thermal degradation and surface chemistry. The result shows that the carbon gels are highly microporous with surface area of 514 m2/g and 745 m2/g for resorcinol-to-catalyst ratios of 1000 (AC1) and 2000 (AC2), respectively. The kinetics data could be described by pseudo-first-order model, with a longer duration to attain equilibrium due to restricted pore diffusion as concentration increases. Also, AC1 exhibits insignificant kinetics with fluctuating adsorption with time at concentrations of 20 and 25 mg/L. However, AC1 reveals a better performance than AC2 in dynamic adsorption due to concentration gradient for molecules diffusion to active sites. The applicability of Yoon–Nelson and Thomas models indicates that the dynamic adsorption is controlled by external and internal diffusion.
Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal,Muhamad Hazim Abdul Halim,Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.4
The present work is aimed at evaluating the kinetics and dynamic adsorption of methylene blue by CO2- activated carbon gels. The carbon gels were characterized by textural properties, thermal degradation and surface chemistry. The result shows that the carbon gels are highly microporous with surface area of 514 m2/g and 745 m2/g for resorcinol-to-catalyst ratios of 1000 (AC1) and 2000 (AC2), respectively. The kinetics data could be described by pseudo-first-order model, with a longer duration to attain equilibrium due to restricted pore diffusion as concentration increases. Also, AC1 exhibits insignificant kinetics with fluctuating adsorption with time at concentrations of 20 and 25 mg/L. However, AC1 reveals a better performance than AC2 in dynamic adsorption due to concentration gradient for molecules diffusion to active sites. The applicability of Yoon–Nelson and Thomas models indicates that the dynamic adsorption is controlled by external and internal diffusion.
Norela Jusoh,Norasikin Othman,Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman,Norul Fatiha Mohamed Noah,Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.2
The emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process for silver recovery containing synergistic Cyanex 302/Cyanex 272 carriers, palm oil as a diluent, acidic thiourea as a stripping agent, and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) as a surfactant was attempted. A suitable range of mixed carrier concentration on the facilitated extraction performance of silver was first determined. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize and evaluate the effect of mixed carrier concentration, stripping agent concentration, and treat ratio on the stability of the process. The results showed that the system was stable with no breakage or swelling. At the optimum condition of 8.26/12.39mM Cyanex 302/Cyanex 272, 1.27 M acidic thiourea, and 0.62 treat ratio, the silver extraction performance and recovery were 97% and 54% (4.33 times enrichment), respectively. Further modification of the process and addition of 5% w/v of modifier resulted in 6.57 times enrichment, which accounted for 82% of the silver recovery. Hence, this study shows the capability of silver recovery using a synergistic ELM process and potential to be applied in industrial effluent.