Mitochondria-associated hexokinases play a role in the control of programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Kim, Moonil,Lim, Jeong-Hwa,Ahn, Chang Sook,Park, Kyoungsook,Kim, Gyung Tae,Kim, Woo Taek,Pai, Hyun-Sook American Society of Plant Physiologists 2006 The Plant cell Vol.18 No.9

<P>Recent findings suggest a pivotal role for mitochondria-associated hexokinase in the regulation of apoptosis in animal cells. In this study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of a hexokinase-encoding Hxk1 caused necrotic lesions on leaves, abnormal leaf morphology, and retarded plant growth in Nicotiana benthamiana. Hxk1 was associated with the mitochondria, and this association required the N-terminal membrane anchor. VIGS of Hxk1 reduced the cellular glucose-phosphorylating activity to approximately 31% of control levels without changing the fructose-phosphorylating activity and did not alter hexose phosphate content severely. The affected cells showed programmed cell death (PCD) morphological markers, including nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Similar to animal cell apoptosis, cytochrome c was released into the cytosol and caspase-9- and caspase-3-like proteolytic activities were strongly induced. Furthermore, based on flow cytometry, Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing Arabidopsis HXK1 and HXK2, both of which are predominantly associated with mitochondria, exhibited enhanced resistance to H(2)O(2)- and alpha-picolinic acid-induced PCD. Finally, the addition of recombinant Hxk1 to mitochondria-enriched fractions prevented H(2)O(2)/clotrimazole-induced cytochrome c release and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Together, these results show that hexokinase critically regulates the execution of PCD in plant cells, suggesting a link between glucose metabolism and apoptosis.</P>

Comparative proteomic analysis of mouse melanoma cell line B16, a metastatic descendant B16F10, and B16 overexpressing the metastasis-associated tyrosine phosphatase PRL-3.

Kim, Sang Hee,Kim, Yongmo,Kim, Moonil,Kim, Dae Shick,Lee, Sang Chul,Chi, Seung-Wook,Lee, Do Hee,Park, Sung Goo,Park, Byoung Chul,Bae, Kwang-Hee,Kang, Sunghyun Pergamon Press 2009 Oncology Research Vol.17 No.11

<P>Metastasis is a complex, multistep process by which a cancer cell leaves the primary tumor, travels to a distant site via the circulatory system, and establishes a secondary cancer. A deeper understanding of the molecular events underlying metastasis will provide information that will be useful for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The B16 and B16F10 mouse melanoma cell lines are widely used as model system for studying many aspects of cancer biology including metastasis. Compared with B16, which has a low metastatic potential, the highly metastatic cell line B16F10 displayed a higher metastatic ability along with higher expression levels of the metastasis-associated phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3). B16 cells transfected with PRL-3 cDNA (B16-PRL3) had metastatic abilities comparable to those of Bl16F10 cells. To study the molecular mechanisms that underlie metastasis, the proteomes of the B16, B16F10, and B16-PRL3 cell lines were compared using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis. Proteins that varied significantly in levels between these cell lines were selected and identified using mass spectrometry. Interestingly, many proteins, especially those present in membrane fractions, were similarly up- or downregulated in both the Bl16F10 and B16-PRL3 cells lines compared to B16 cell lines. The list of similarly regulated proteins included heat shock protein 70, fascin-1, septin-6, ATP synthase beta subunit, and bone morphogenic protein receptor type IB. These proteins may play a causal role in PRL-3-mediated metastasis. These investigations open an avenue for the further characterization of the molecular mechanisms that underlie metastasis.</P>

선별이적처리를 통한 사용종료 비위생매립지 정비방안 연구

김동오(Kim Dongoh),김태경(Kim Taekyoung),김미화(Kim Mihwa),김문일(Kim Moonil) 한국지반환경공학회 2009 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 사용종료 비위생매립지의 안정화 정도를 평가하고 안정화되지 않은 사용종료 매립지의 재정비 방안을 도출하는데 있다. 안정화 정도는 기존 사용종료 비위생매립지 21개소의 매립폐기물 시료를 채취하여 그 성상을 분석하여 평가하였다. 물리적 성상으로는 토사, 유기물, 가연성 및 불연성으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 매립폐기물 시료를 채취한 9개소의 비위생매립지는 사용종료 후 10년 이상 경과되었음에도 완전한 안정화가 이루어지지 않았으며, 사용종료 비위생매립지의 재정비가 시급함을 알 수 있었다. 비위생매립지의 물리적 성상중 토사 함량이 높았으며 가장 높은 함량은 89.96%이었다. 이와는 달리 위생매립지의 경우는 9.89~11.12%로 토사함량이 낮았다. 따라서 선별이적처리에 의해 회수된 토사는 재정비를 해야하는 비위생매립지의 복토재나 건설재료로의 재활용할 수 있을 것으로 평가되었다. The aim of this study was an evaluation of closed non-sanitary landfill's stabilization degree and a determination of its an optimal reclamation method. In order to evaluate the stabilization degree, physical compositions of landfill wastes in 21 closed non-sanitary landfills were analyzed. There were 4 major items such as cover soils, organics, combustibles and incombustibles. With respect to the results of physical compositions, it was determined that the waste in 9 sampling sites of closed non-sanitary landfills after 10years of the relief time was not fully stabilized. The closed non-sanitary landfills must be reclaimed as soon as possible. The main material in closed non-sanitary landfills was cover soils and the highest content was 89.96%. Otherwise, the contents in sanitary landfills was small and 9.89~11.12%. Therefore, it was evaluated that the recovered soil by sorting transfer treatment could be reused as on-site cover soils of the reclamating non-sanitary landfills and/or constructing materials.

사용종료 비위생매립지 정비를 위한 매립폐기물 성상분석

김태경(Taekyoung Kim),김동오(Dong-Oh Kim),김미화(Mi-hwa Kim),김문일(Moonil Kim) 한국지반환경공학회 2008 한국지반환경공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

미세기포와 용존공기부상 반응조를 이용한 산업폐수 내 미세플라스틱 제거

김도균 ( Dokyun Kim ),김민경 ( Minkyung Kim ),모경 ( Kyung Mo ),김문일 ( Moonil Kim ),김용범 ( Yong-beom Kim ),김현진 ( Hyunjin Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2021 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.-

최근 환경적 문제가 대두되면서 활발하게 진행 되고 있는 대부분의 미세플라스틱에 대한 연구는 해양에서의 미세플라스틱과 관련된 연구가 대부분이며 하·폐수 처리장에서 처리되지 않고 방류된 미세플라스틱에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 최근 연구에 따르면 하·폐수 처리장에서 미세플라스틱을 제대로 처리하지 못하고 있으며 처리수가 방류된 하천에서 더 다량의 미세플라스틱이 검출되었다는 연구 결과가 있다. 하천에 방류된 미세플라스틱은 해양으로 유입될 수 있으며 이는 근본적인 미세플라스틱 문제 해결을 위해서는 하·폐수 처리장에서의 미세플라스틱 제거가 이루어져야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 산업폐수 내 미세플라스틱 제거에 대하여 연구하였으며 미세플라스틱 제거를 위해 미세기포와 용존공기부상(DAF) 기술을 적용하였다. 실험에 사용된 폐수로는 세탁공장에서 발생한 세탁폐수를 사용하였다. DAF 1ton/h 반응조에 주입할 응집제의 종류와 주입량을 산정하기 위하여 폴리염화알루미늄, 황산알루미늄, 염화제1철, 고분자응집제를 사용하여 세탁폐수에 대해 Jar-test 실험을 진행하여 탁도와 TSS를 측정하였으며 폴리염화알루미늄과 고분자 응집제를 병합 주입하는 것이 최적으로 도출되었다. DAF 반응조에 응집제를 주입하여 생성된 Floc은 미세기포를 이용하여 부상 처리하였다. 원폐수와 처리수 내 미세플라스틱의 분석은 탁도 및 TSS측정, FT-IR과 Raman분광기를 통하여 정성·정량 분석을 진행하였다. 탁도와 TSS값을 분석한 결과 원폐수 대비 처리수의 제거율은 각각 80.9%, 80.4%를 나타내었으며 FT-IR을 통해 미세플라스틱 제거율을 판단한 결과 67.9%를 나타내었다. TSS값으로 측정한 미세플라스틱 제거율과 FT-IR을 이용하여 측정한 미세플라스틱의 제거율이 상이한 이유는 TSS 측정에 사용되는 GF/C 필터로 측정할 수 있는 0.45㎛의 공극 이하의 미세플라스틱들이 폐수 내 존재하여 TSS값에 측정되지 않았다고 판단할 수 있다.

Assessing the impacts of topographic and climatic factors on radial growth of major forest forming tree species of South Korea

Kim, Moonil,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Son, Yowhan,Yoo, Somin,Choi, Go-Mee,Chung, Dong-Jun Elsevier Scientific Pub.Co 2017 Forest ecology and management Vol.404 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although the annual diameter growth of trees is vital for assessing site suitability in terms of potential timber yield, the effects of climatic and topographic factors on this variable are poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to develop a tree-level radial growth model incorporating topographic and climatic factors for four major temperate tree species [red pine (<I>Pinus densiflora</I>), oak (<I>Quercus</I> spp.), Japanese larch (<I>Larix kaempferi</I>), and Korean pine (<I>Pinus koraiensis</I>)] in South Korea. The model was developed and then validated using increment cores sampled from permanent plots in the Korean National Forest Inventory country wide. The Standard Growth (SG) of each increment core, which eliminated the effect of tree age on radial growth, was derived using a SG model. Spatial autocorrelation was detected for the SGs of every species, but not for the original radial growth data. The results showed that using the SG model to standardize radial growth for age was successful for explaining the impact of topographic and climatic factors on radial growth. The influence of climatic (warmth index and precipitation effectiveness index) and topographic (topographic wetness index) factors on the SG of each species was evaluated by the estimated SG (eSG) model. Results show that for all species each variable was correlated to SG. The mean <I>R<SUP>2</SUP> </I> of the final radial growth model for red pine, oak, Japanese larch, and Korean pine during 2001–2009 were estimated to be 0.71, 0.73, 0.67, and 0.65, respectively. In addition, for every tree species the time sequence of estimated annual radial growth exhibited similar characteristics to that of the observed annual radial growth on an individual tree scale. Thus, this growth model can contribute to an understanding of the impacts of topographic and climatic factors on tree radial growth and predict the annual growth changes of major tree species in South Korea, given climate change.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The trend of radial growth with age was eliminated through Standard Growth model. </LI> <LI> The oak is more suitable to growth than the coniferous species under recent weather. </LI> <LI> The growth of coniferous species has been strongly affected by climate than oak. </LI> </UL> </P>

Modeling stand-level mortality based on maximum stem number and seasonal temperature

Kim, Moonil,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Choi, Go-Mee,Song, Cholho,Lim, Chul-Hee,Moon, Jooyeon,Piao, Dongfan,Kraxner, Florian,Shividenko, Anatoly,Forsell, Nicklas Elsevier Scientific Pub.Co 2017 Forest ecology and management Vol.386 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mortality is a key process in forest stand dynamics. However, tree mortality is not well understood, particularly in relation to climatic factors. The objectives of this study were to: (<I>i</I>) determine the patterns of maximum stem number per ha (MSN) over dominant tree height from 5-year remeasurements of the permanent sample plots for temperate forests [Red pine (<I>Pinus densiflora</I>), Japanese larch (<I>Larix kaempferi</I>), Korean pine (<I>Pinus koraiensis</I>), Chinese cork oak (<I>Quercus variabilis</I>), and Mongolian oak (<I>Quercus mongolica</I>)] using Sterba’s theory and Korean National Forest Inventory (NFI) data, (<I>ii</I>) develop a stand-level mortality (self-thinning) model using the MSN curve, and (<I>iii</I>) assess the impact of temperature on tree mortality in semi-variogram and linear regression models. The MSN curve represents the upper boundary of observed stem numbers per ha. The developed mortality model with our results showed a high degree of reliability (R<SUP>2</SUP> =0.55–0.81) and no obvious dependencies or patterns in residuals. However, spatial autocorrelation was detected from residuals of coniferous species (Red pine, Japanese larch and Korean pine), but not for oak species (Chinese cork oak and Mongolian oak). Based on the linear regression analysis of residuals, we found that the mortality of coniferous forests tended to increase with the rising seasonal temperature. This is more evident during winter and spring months. Conversely, oak mortality did not significantly vary with increasing temperature. These findings indicate that enhanced tree mortality due to rising temperatures in response to climate change is possible, especially in coniferous forests, and is expected to contribute to forest management decisions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Applicability of Sterba’s maximum stem number curve on a national scale was confirmed. </LI> <LI> Effect of rising temperature on mortality should be differentiated by tree species. </LI> <LI> Mortality of coniferous trees tends to increase with rising seasonal temperature. </LI> <LI> Coniferous trees are likely more sensitive than oaks to climate change in Korea. </LI> </UL> </P>

Strategies in Protein Immobilization on a Gold Surface

MOONIL KIM,박제호 한국진공학회 2015 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.24 No.1

Protein immobilization on a gold surface plays an important role in the usefulness ofbiosensors that utilize gold-coated surfaces such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), etc. For developing high performance biosensors, it is necessarily required that immobilized proteins must remain biologically active. Loss of protein activity and maintenance of its stability on transducer surfaces is directly associated with the choice of immobilization methods, affecting protein-protein interactions. During the past decade, a variety of strategies have been extensively developed for the effective immobilization of proteins in terms of the orientation, density, and stability of immobilized proteins on analytical devices operating on different principles. In this review, recent advances and novel strategies in protein immobilization technologies developed for biosensors are briefly discussed, thereby providing an useful information for the selection of appropriate immobilization approach. Protein immobilization on a gold surface plays an important role in the usefulness ofbiosensors that utilize gold-coated surfaces such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), quartzcrystal microbalance (QCM), etc. For developing high performance biosensors, it is necessarilyrequired that immobilized proteins must remain biologically active. Loss of protein activityand maintenance of its stability on transducer surfaces is directly associated with the choiceof immobilization methods, affecting protein-protein interactions. During the past decade, avariety of strategies have been extensively developed for the effective immobilization ofproteins in terms of the orientation, density, and stability of immobilized proteins on analyticaldevices operating on different principles. In this review, recent advances and novel strategiesin protein immobilization technologies developed for biosensors are briefly discussed, therebyproviding an useful information for the selection of appropriate immobilization approach.

Caspase-3-facilitated Stoichiometric Cleavage of a Large Recombinant Polyprotein

Moonil Kim(김문일) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

선행연구에서 카스파제-3 효소가 DEVD 기질을 완전히 절단하는 반면 IETD 기질은 DEVD의 약 50%정도만을 부분적으로 분해한다는 사실을 보고하였다. 본 연구에서는 정제된 폴리-단백질이 카스파제-3 단백질 분해효소의 기질에 따른 차별적인 분해활성에 의해 프로세싱 되는 양상을 분석하였다. 모델 단백질로서 GST, MBP, RFP 세 종류의 단백질을 DEVD 및 IETD 펩타이드로 연결시킨 폴리-단백질을 제작하였으며, 폴리-단백질은C-말단에 6개의 히스티딘 태그가 결합되도록 클로닝 되었다. IMAC 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분리 및 정제된 재조합 단백질은 SDS-PAGE 분석을 통해 분자량이 약 93 kDa으로 나타났으며, 카스파제-3 효소의 처리에 의해 각각 MBP:RFP, MBP 그리고 GST 3종류의 단백질 절편으로 절단 및 분리되었다. 이 연구를 통해 단백질 분해효소와 기질 간의 반응성의 차이를 이용하여 폴리-단백질을 정량적으로 프로세싱 할 수 있다는 예를 보여주었다. In this study, it is reported that a large polyprotein can be stoichiometrically cleaved by the use of caspase-3-dependent proteolysis. Previously, it has been shown that the proteolytic IETD motif was partially processed when treated with caspase-3, while the DEVD motif was completely cleaved. The cleavage efficiency of the DEVD-based substrate was approximately 2.0 times higher than that of the IETD substrate, in response to caspase-3. Based on this, 3 protein genes of interest were genetically linked to each other by adding two proteolytic cleavage sequences, DEVD and IETD, for caspase-3. Particularly, glutathione-S transferase (GST), maltose binding protein (MBP), and red fluorescent protein (RFP) were chosen as model proteins due to the variation in their size. The expressed polyprotein was purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) via a hexa-histidine tag at the C-terminal end, showing 93 kDa of a chimeric GST:MBP:RFP fusion protein. In response to caspase-3, cleavage products, such as MBP:RFP (68 kDa), MBP (42 kDa), RFP (26 kDa), and GST (25 kDa), were separated from a large precursor GST:MBP:RFP (93 kDa) via SDS-PAGE. The results obtained from this study indicate that a multi-protein can be stoichiometrically produced from a large polyprotein by using proteolytic recognition motifs, such as DEVD and IETD tetra-peptides, for caspase-3.

Improved Anaerobic Process Efficiency Using Mesophilic and Thermophilic Elutriated Phased Treatment

Kim, Moonil,Bae, Wookeun,Speece, Richard E. American Society of Civil Engineers 2004 Journal of environmental engineering Vol.130 No.9