A Study of the Content Validity of Reading Comprehension Tests in NMET II

Zhen-Jie Liu,Ming-Hao Jin 대한언어학회 2018 언어학 Vol.26 No.4

Liu, Zhen-Jie & Jin, Ming-Hao. (2018). A study of the content validity of reading comprehension tests in NMET II. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 26(4), 103-124. Based on Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) framework of task characteristics, this paper aims to compare the reading comprehension tests of the 2013-2017 National Matriculation English Test II (NMET II) with the requirements of the New Curriculum Standards and Testing Syllabus, in particular, concerning the content validity of the tests in terms of the characteristics of input and expected responses. The implications of this study are discussed for test designers, teachers, and students. The results show that reading comprehension tests from 2013 to 2017 basically meet the requirements of the New Curriculum Standard and Testing Syllabus and have a high content validity. In terms of the characteristics of input, the length, reading speed, and readability of comprehension passages are appropriate for students; however, the distribution of topics and genres in each year is uneven. In terms of the characteristics of expected responses, the wordings of questions and the design of question items are reasonable. However, the response type is mainly restricted to selected response questions (multiple-choice), and the measure of reading skills coverage is unbalanced.

뇌졸중환자의 인지기능에 관한 연구

류명인,소희영 충남대학교 간호과학연구소 2006 충남대 간호학술지 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: This study was to explore the cognitive function of stroke patients. Method: The study sample were 88 who were possible to communicate and agreed to participate. The data was collected at OPD and wards from 2 Veteran's hospital located at Daejeon and Seoul and one C University hospital by trained nursing students at 2004 February. this research design is survey research. The measurement tool was MMSE-K. The data were analysed by SPSS 10.0 using frequency, t-test ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and Regression. Result: The mean score of MMSE-K was 26.74, being from minimum 13 to maximum 30. There was significant difference in attention/calculation subtype of MMSE-K according to length of education. There were statistically significant correlation among Time orientation, Place orientation, Registration, Attention & Calculation, Recall and Language. Conclusion: The cognitive function score of stroke patients was within normal limit. The length of education was a significant demographic characteristic affecting cognitive function. For rehabilitative care of stroke patient, the nurse has to collect data about cognition as well as demographic characteristics like income and perceived health status in order tar understand better and improve patients cognitive function.

Fenofibrate Increases Radiosensitivity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Inducing G2/M Arrest and Apoptosis

Liu, Jia,Ge, Yang-Yang,Zhu, Hong-Cheng,Yang, Xi,Cai, Jing,Zhang, Chi,Lu, Jing,Zhan, Liang-Liang,Qin, Qin,Yang, Yan,Yang, Yue-Hua,Zhang, Hao,Chen, Xiao-Chen,Liu, Zhe-Ming,Ma, Jian-Xin,Cheng, Hong-Yan,S Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.16

Radiation therapy is an important treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, how to promote radiation sensitivity in HNSCC remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing effects of fenofibrate on HNSCC and explore the underlying mechanisms. HNSCC cell lines CNE-2 and KB were subjected to ionizing radiation (IR), in the presence or absence of fenofibrate treatment. Cell growth and survival, apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated. In addition, CNE-2 cells were xenografted into nude mice and subjected to IR and/or fenofibrate treatment. The expression of cyclinB and CDK1 was detected by Western blotting. Our results showed that fenofibrate efficiently radiosensitized HNSCC cells and xenografts in mice, and induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest via reducing the activity of the CDK1/cyclinB1 kinase complex. These data suggest that fenofibrate could be a promising radiosensitizer for HNSCC radiotherapy.

A new power supply strategy for high power rectifying units in electrolytic copper process

Liu He-Miao,Zhao Yu-Lian,Cheng Yan-Ming,Wu Jing,Al Shurafa Mahmoud A. M.,Liu Cheng,Lee Il-Kyoo 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.2

For achieving the minimum energy consumption in electrolytic copper process, this paper proposes a power supply optimization strategy based on the improved BP neural network for high-power electrolytic copper rectifying units to eff ectively improve the utilization rate of electric energy, reduce the production cost, and achieve high effi ciency and energy saving. Aiming to operation scenarios including normal operation of rectifi ers, fault of random one rectifi er, fault of random two rectifi ers and number change of electrolytic tanks, the output current of each rectifi er, transformer gears and control angle of thyristor are obtained under these four scenarios by the proposed power supply strategy. The simulation results indicate that compared with BP neural network and PSO optimizing BP(PSO-BP)neural network, the prediction error of power supply strategy of GA optimizing BP (GA-BP) neural network is the minimum. Consequently, the optimal control of the output current of each rectifi er is obtained by using GA-BP neural network, and the stabilized current precision of total output current can be kept at 0.003–0.005, which verifi es the eff ectivity and feasibility of the proposed power supply optimization strategy, which provides valuable guidance and reference for the future design of high-power power supply system in electrolytic copper or other electrolytic metals.

Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Operable HER-2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer

Liu, Ai-Na,Sun, Ping,Liu, Jian-Nan,Ma, Jin-Bo,Qu, Hua-Jun,Zhu, Hua,Yu, Cai-Yan,Zhang, Liang-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Objective: To study the relationship between clinical pathologic characteristics, treatment modalities and prognostic factors in HER-2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2) overexpressed breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Major clinico-pathological factors including therapeutic modalities and survival status of 371 breast cancer patients with HER2 over-expression, teated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from March of 2002 to December of 2010 were retrospectively studied, with special attention focused on survival-related factors. Results: The median age of the total 371 patients in this study was 48 years at time of diagnosis, among which, the leading pathological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (92.5%); 62.8% presented with a primary tomor larger than 2 cm in diameter at diagnosis, 51.0% had axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases; ER (Estrogen receptor)/PR (Progesterone receptor) double negative occured in 52.8% of cases, and PCNA (proliferation cell nuclear antigen) (+++) was found in 55.1%. HER-2 overexpressed patients were usually in advanced stage when the diagnosis was made (72.8% at stages IIA~IIIC). The prognosis and survival were assessed in 259 patients with complete follow-up data. 5-year DFS (disease-free survival) and OS (overall survival) rate was 68.0% and 78.0% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age, tumor size, ALN metastases, LVSI (lymph-vascular space involvement), PCNA status, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy cycles, and HER-2 overexpression, correlated closely with the prognosis. ALN metastases, LVSI, PCNA status and chemotherapy cycles were independent predictors of survival. Conclusions: HER-2 overexpressed breast cancer has special clinical and pathological characteristics, with advanced clinical stages and high rate of ER/PR double negative. Lymph node metastases, LVSI, PCNA and chemotherapy cycles are independent predictors of prognosis.

Planning and Design of Quingming Shanghe Park in Kaifeng

Liu, Xiao-ming The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 2001 Journal of the Korean institute of landscape archi Vol.1 No.-

Covering an area of about 39 ha, Qingming Shanghe Park is located in the northwest of Kaifeng, formerly the capital of seven dynasties in China. It is intended to serve as a tourist attraction based on a painting 〃Qingming Festival at Riverside〃 by Zhang Zeduan of the Northern song Dynasty, which vividly illustrates a real life on the both sides of the Bian River as well as in the urban area, Kaifeng, in early Spring. The park is a collection of varied buildings such as shops, restaurants, tea-houses, theaters, and hotels in the North song style, with an introduction of the history of Kaifeng, this paper examines design philosophy and methodology of the park, and discusses the creative design of the first stage development known as known as The South Area of the park. Marked by the Rainbow Bridge and the City Gate, the South Area is divided into three parts, the rural, suburban, and urban parts which are organized according to the spatial order showed in the painting. The South Area proves to be very successful because of its amazing sense of history and interesting folk performance. Furthermore, the preliminary 9planning of the second stage development known as The North Area is presented with references to culture, history and customs. The North Area is proposed to include the Old Sports & Games Garden, the Exhibition Garden, and the Hot Spring Garden with an appearance of the imperial gardens in the Northern Song, integrated with participation of old sports and games, display of old science & technology achievements, and enjoyment of hot spring bath.

The effects of paeoniflorin injection on soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid-1 (sTREM-1) levels in severe septic rats

Liu, Xiao-Rong,Xu, Jie,Wang, Yi-Min,Ji, Ming-Suo,Liu, Fu-Shan The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.6

Paeoniflorin (PAE) is the most abundant compound in Xuebijing injection widely used to treat sepsis. We aimed to investigate effect of PAE on expression of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in a rat model of sepsis. Wistar rats were divided into Normal, Model, and PAE groups (n=20 each). Endotoxin was administrated at 5 mg/ml/kg in Model and PAE rats to establish rat sepsis model. 1 h after endotoxin administration, PAE was administrated at 4 ml/kg in PAE group once per day for 3 days. Routine blood tests and biochemical indexes were assessed, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). The plasma sTREM-1 level was measured using quantitative ELISA. At the end of experiment, the small intestine, liver, kidney and lung were subjected to pathological examinations. A rat model of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was established successfully with endotoxin administration (5 mg/ml/kg), evidenced by histo-pathological examinations, routine blood tests and biochemical indexes: platelet count decreased and white blood cell count increased (p<0.05), CK-MB and AST increased (p<0.05). PAE treatment significantly reduced the plasma levels of AST, CK-MB, and sTREM-1, compared to Model group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, sepsis-induced damages in the liver, lung, stomach and intestinal mucosa were also markedly ameliorated by PAE treatment. PAE demonstrated a significantly protective effect in a rat model of sepsis by decreasing plasma sTREM-1 level, reducing inflammation, preventing MODS and protecting organ functions.

Opportunities and Challenges for Sino-American Cooperation on the Korean Peninsula

( Liu Ming ) 한국국방연구원 2004 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.16 No.1

Stability on the Korean Peninsula had long been a common interest of both China and the United States before 1994, but with North Korea`s development of nuclear weapons, the United States is no longer content with the conventional form of stability on the Korean Peninsula. As for China, its perception of stability has not considerably changed so far, even though North Korea is suspected of having a nuclear program. In addition to these shared and differing interests in general, the two countries have nine other respective specific interests. The paper makes a comparison of the nine interests and experiments with a different reflection of those interests in the three simulated scenarios. In the first scenario (peaceful solution package), they would share many common interests, enjoying the peace dividend. However, Beijing and Washington might compete to obtain a leading role and more commercial interests in the process. In the second one (a partial settlement freezing Korea`s nuclear program), their close cooperation will continue, sharing many interests and duties in controlling the uncertain situation on the Peninsula. Yet, some American politicians will accuse China of not playing a greater role, which will lead to a negative impact on other aspects of Sino-American relations.

Conformational Transitions of Polymer Brushes for Reversibly Switching Graphene Transistors

Liu, Song,Jamali, Safa,Liu, Qingfeng,Maia, Joao,Baek, Jong-Beom,Jiang, Naisheng,Xu, Ming,Dai, Liming American Chemical Society 2016 Macromolecules Vol.49 No.19

<P>We developed a facile, but efficient, approach to graphene field-effect transistors (FET) functionalized with polymer brushes, in which the conductance can be reversibly switched by solvent-induced polymer conformational changes. Our experimental and stimulation results demonstrated that the solvent-induced conformational transition of the polymer brush could affect the carrier concentration by changing the number of,scattering sites associated with the graphene-polymer contact areas, leading to reversible electrical switching for the graphene FET device. Both end-adsorbed diblock and triblock copolymers showed similar switching effect through the solvent-induced chain stretching-collapse and tail-to-loop conformational changes, respectively. This work provides new platform technologies for developing novel electronic devices with tunable electrical properties and for studying macromolecular conformations and conformational transitions.</P>

Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes among Various TNM Stages of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Genomewide Gene Expression Profile Analysis

Liu, Ming,Pan, Hong,Zhang, Feng,Zhang, Yong-Biao,Zhang, Yang,Xia, Han,Zhu, Jing,Fu, Wei-Ling,Zhang, Xiao-Li Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Background: To further investigate the molecular basis of lung cancer development, we utilize a microarray to identify differentially expressed genes associated with various TNM stages of adenocarcinoma, a subtype with increasing incidence in recent years in China. Methods: A 35K oligo gene array, covering about 25,100 genes, was used to screen differentially expressed genes among 90 tumor samples of lung adenocarcinoma in various TNM stages. To verify the gene array data, three genes (Zimp7, GINS2 and NAG-1) were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR in a different set of samples from the gene array. Results: First, we obtained 640 differentially expressed genes in lung adenocarcinomas compared to the surrounding normal lung tissues. Then, from the 640 candidates we identified 10 differentially expressed genes among different TNM stages (Stage I, II and IIIA), of which Zimp7, GINS2 and NAG-1 genes were first reported to be present at a high level in lung adenocarcinoma. The results of qRT-PCR for the three genes were consistent with those from the gene array. Conclusions: We identified 10 candidate genes associated with different TNM stages in lung adenocarcinoma in the Chinese population, which should provide new insights into the molecular basis underlying the development of lung adenocarcinoma and may offer new targets for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis prediction.