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Jie Feng,Xiao-Bei Zhan,Dong Wang,Li-Min Zhang,Chi Chung Lin 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.2
Salt-tolerant aromatic yeast is an important microorganism arising from the solid state fermentation of soy sauce. The fermentation kinetics of volatile esters by Candida etchellsii was studied in a batch system. The data obtained from the fermentation were used for determining the kinetic parameters of the model. Batch experimental results at four NaCl levels (180, 200, 220, and 240 g/L) were used to formulate the parameter estimation model. The kinetic parameters of the model were optimized by specifically designed Runge-Kutta Genetic Algorithms (GA). The resulting mathematical model for volatile ester production, cell growth and glucose consumption simulates the experimental data well. The resulting new model was capable of explaining the behavior of volatile ester fermentation. The optimized parameters (μo, Xmax, Ki, α, β, YX/S, m, and YP/S) were characterized by a correlation of functions assuming salinity dependence. The kinetic models optimized by GA describe the batch fermentation process adequately, as demonstrated by our experimental results.
Cheol-Soon Park,Feng-Peng Li,Woo Ju Hong,Sun-Kyung Min,Jong Wook Chung,Yong-Jin Park 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07
Amaranths (Amaranthus sp.) are cosmopolitan and include grain, vegetable, ornamental and weed types. Forteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 59 accessions of cultivated amaranth from Asian countries. A total of 63 alleles were detected with an average of 4.5 per locus. The averaged values of gene diversity and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.35 and 0.33, respectively. Alleles per locus in accessions from South Asia was 4.35, whereas 2.93 and 3.79 alleles per locus were found in Nepal and India, respectively. The mean gene diversity in Central Asia and East Asia was 0.36 and 0.28, respectively, whereas the mean PIC values were 0.27 and 0.22, respectively. The genetic diversity and PIC of the India amaranths were higher than that of other Asian countries. The model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of three subpopulations, which was basically consistent with clustering based on genetic distance. An AMOVA analysis showed that the between-population component of genetic variance was less than 56.16% in contrast to 43.84% for the within-population component. The overall FST value was 0.56, reflecting genetic differentiation within Asian amaranths. These findings could be used for designing effective breeding programs aimed at broadening the genetic bases of commercially grown varieties.
Moon, Woo Kyung,Chang, Jie-Fan,Lo, Chung-Ming,Chang, Jung Min,Lee, Su Hyun,Shin, Sung Ui,Huang, Chiun-Sheng,Chang, Ruey-Feng Elsevier 2018 Computer methods and programs in biomedicine Vol.154 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background and Objective</B></P> <P>Breast density at mammography has been used as markers of breast cancer risk. However, newly introduced tomosynthesis and computer-aided quantitative method could provide more reliable breast density evaluation.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>In the experiment, 98 tomosynthesis image volumes were obtained from 98 women. For each case, an automatic skin removal was used and followed by a fuzzy c-mean (FCM) classifier which separated the fibroglandular tissues from other tissues in breast area. Finally, percent of breast density and breast volume were calculated and the results were compared with MRI. In addition, the percent of breast density and breast area of digital mammography calculated using the software Cumulus (University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.) were also compared with 3-D modalities.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Percent of breast density and breast volume, which were computed from tomosynthesis, MRI and digital mammography were 17.37% ± 4.39% and 607.12 cm<SUP>3</SUP> ± 323.01 cm<SUP>3</SUP>, 20.3% ± 8.6% and 537.59 cm<SUP>3</SUP> ± 287.74 cm<SUP>3</SUP>, and 12.03% ± 4.08%, respectively. There were significant correlations on breast density as well as volume between tomosynthesis and MRI (<I>R</I> = 0.482 and <I>R</I> = 0.805), tomosynthesis and breast density with breast area of digital mammography (<I>R</I> = 0.789 and <I>R</I> = 0.877), and MRI and breast density with breast area of digital mammography (<I>R</I> = 0.482 and <I>R</I> = 0.857) (all <I>P</I> values < .001).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Breast density and breast volume evaluated from tomosynthesis, MRI and breast density and breast area of digital mammographic images have significant correlations and indicate that tomosynthesis could provide useful 3-D information on breast density through proposed method.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We proposed a quantitative method to estimate breast density and compared tomosynthesis with MRI and digital mammography. </LI> <LI> An automatic skin removal was adopted and a FCM classifier was used to separate the fibroglandular tissues from breast area. </LI> <LI> There were significant correlations between tomosynthesis with MRI and with digital mammography values < . </LI> <LI> Tomosynthesis could provide useful 3-D information on breast density through proposed method. </LI> <LI> We discovered and solved the problem of the different expression of aggregated fibroglandular tissue in different modalities. </LI> </UL> </P>