Profiling of Saharan dust and biomass‐burning smoke with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at Cape Verde

TESCHE, MATTHIAS,GROSS, SILKE,ANSMANN, ALBERT,MÜ,LLER, DETLEF,ALTHAUSEN, DIETRICH,FREUDENTHALER, VOLKER,ESSELBORN, MICHAEL Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorolog Vol.63 No.4

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Extensive lidar measurements of Saharan dust and biomass‐burning smoke were performed with one airborne and three ground‐based instruments in the framework of the second part of the SAharan Mineral dUst experiMent (SAMUM‐2a) during January and February of 2008 at Cape Verde. Further lidar observations with one system only were conducted during May and June of 2008 (SAMUM‐2b). The active measurements were supported by Sun photometer observations. During winter, layers of mineral dust from the Sahara and biomass‐burning smoke from southern West Africa pass Cape Verde on their way to South America while pure dust layers cross the Atlantic on their way to the Caribbean during summer. The mean 500‐nm aerosol optical thickness (AOT) observed during SAMUM‐2a was 0.35 ± 0.18. SAMUM‐2a observations showed transport of pure dust within the lowermost 1.5 km of the atmospheric column. In the height range from 1.5 to 5.0 km, mixed dust/smoke layers with mean lidar ratios of 67 ± 14 sr at 355 and 532 nm, respectively, prevailed. Within these layers, wavelength‐independent linear particle depolarization ratios of 0.12–0.18 at 355, 532, and 710 nm indicate a large contribution (30–70%) of mineral dust to the measured optical properties. Ångström exponents for backscatter and extinction of around 0.7 support this finding. Mean extinction coefficients in the height range between 2 and 4 km were 66 ± 6 Mm<SUP>−1</SUP> at 355 nm and 48 ± 5 Mm<SUP>−1</SUP> at 532 nm. Comparisons with airborne high‐spectral‐resolution lidar observations show good agreement within the elevated layers. 3–5 km deep dust layers where observed during SAMUM‐2b. These layers showed optical properties similar to the ones of SAMUM‐1 in Morocco with a mean 500‐nm AOT of 0.4 ± 0.2. Dust extinction coefficients were about 80 ± 6 Mm<SUP>−1</SUP> at 355 and 532 nm. Dust lidar ratios were 53 ± 10 sr at 355 and 532 nm, respectively. Dust depolarization ratios showed an increase with wavelength from 0.31 ± 0.10 at 532 nm to 0.37 ± 0.07 at 710 nm.</P>

자연해설가 지침서(2)

Kathleen Regnier,Michael Gross,Ron Zimmerman 숲과 문화 연구회 2001 숲과 문화 Vol.10 No.6

자연해설가 지침서

Kathleen Regnier,Michael Gross,Ron Zimmerman 숲과 문화 연구회 2001 숲과 문화 Vol.10 No.4

Media Reporting on Destination Image Influencing Koreans’ Travel to Australia

Hong Chul LEE,Michael J. GROSS,Sang Ho LEE 세계문화관광학회 2010 Conference Proceedings Vol.11 No.0

Media reporting about destinations has been shown to affect tourists towards international travel. It is important to examine how media reporting influences destination images over time, so that destination marketers may better understand how to integrate such knowledge in marketing planning. The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences of the reporting tendency, news frames and propensity to change in Korean newspapers towards destination image and overseas travel, focused on Australia using the key words, “Travel to Australia”. Statistical analysis methods employed were cross-tab, ANOVA and time series regression. Significant differences were found in topics and attitudes. Specifically, the number of articles decreased after the 1997 IMF financial crisis, however, interest has gradually recovered since 2000. The findings of this study may be helpful to identify the influence that newspaper reporting has on the perceived destination image of Australia.

The Tourism Destination Image Formation Process

Hong Chul LEE,Michael J. GROSS 세계문화관광학회 2010 Conference Proceedings Vol.11 No.0

This study investigated tourism destination images by Korean tourists who visited Australia using package tours provided by Korean outbound travel agencies. The purpose of present study is to examine the aspects of the travel motivations, past experiences, socio-demographic variables and Internet sources that contribute to overall destination image of Australia by Korean package tourists. A path model was developed using important determinants of the Australian destination image formation process. The initial findings were that destination images towards Australia by Korean tourists were significantly influenced by push and pull motivations, past experiences, and Internet Sources. Most Korean package tourists across all age ranges were strongly influenced by Internet sources. The results can provide important implications to explain the influence of the variables in the destination image formation process, especially Internet sources.

Newspaper Reporting regarding Travel to Australia

Hong Chul LEE,Michael J. GROSS,Sung Chae JUNG 세계문화관광학회 2010 Conference Proceedings Vol.11 No.0

This study analysed newspapers‘ reporting articles, comparing perspectives of topics, attitudes, and news frames in five leading Korean newspapers between before and after the 1997 IMF economic crisis. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reporting tendency of Korean newspapers towards overseas travel, using Australia’s cases for comparison of both five leading Korean newspapers and before & after the 1997 IMF crisis. The findings in this study are; there were significant differences in reporting topics, attitudes and news frames in Korean newspapers, whereas there were no significant differences in reporting attitudes and news frames between before and after the 1997 IMF crisis. Through these findings, this study identified that IMF had been the turning point in reporting topics of Korean newspapers. In addition, present study which has integrated research flow of media studies with tourism literature can contribute to news editors, destination marketers and academics, especially Korea and Australia. Therefore, this study can be frontier research in tourism and media literature.

Prolonged Regression of Metastatic Leptomeningeal Breast Cancer That Has Failed Conventional Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Andrew Vincent,Glenn Lesser,Doris Brown,Tamara Vern-Gross,Linda Metheny-Barlow,Julia Lawrence,Michael Chan 한국유방암학회 2013 Journal of breast cancer Vol.16 No.1

Approximately 5% of breast cancer patients develop leptomeningeal metastases over the course of their disease. Though several treatments options are available for these patients, their prognosis is typically considered to be poor. We report a case of leptomeningeal failure after a patient underwent prior radiotherapy, radiosurgery, surgery, chemotherapy, and biologic therapy. This patient experienced a prolonged response after receiving bevacizumab and capecitabine. The literature currently contains several reports regarding the use of systemic therapy to manage leptomeningeal metastases from breast cancer, which we summarize. Finally, we review the relevant effects of the patient’s treatment modalities and provide a rationale for the mechanism that led to her prolonged response.

eIF5A-PEAK1 Signaling Regulates YAP1/TAZ Protein Expression and Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth

Strnadel, Jan,Choi, Sunkyu,Fujimura, Ken,Wang, Huawei,Zhang, Wei,Wyse, Meghan,Wright, Tracy,Gross, Emilie,Peinado, Carlos,Park, Hyun Woo,Bui, Jack,Kelber, Jonathan,Bouvet, Michael,Guan, Kun-Liang,Klem American Association for Cancer Research 2017 Cancer Research Vol.77 No.8

<P>The focal adhesion kinase PEAK1 drives aggressive pancreatic cancer cell behaviors by activating a stem cell-like transcription factor program.</P><P>In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), mutant KRAS stimulates the translation initiation factor eIF5A and upregulates the focal adhesion kinase PEAK1, which transmits integrin and growth factor signals mediated by the tumor microenvironment. Although eIF5A-PEAK1 signaling contributes to multiple aggressive cancer cell phenotypes, the downstream signaling processes that mediate these responses are uncharacterized. Through proteomics and informatic analyses of PEAK1-depleted PDAC cells, we defined protein translation, cytoskeleton organization, and cell-cycle regulatory pathways as major pathways controlled by PEAK1. Biochemical and functional studies revealed that the transcription factors YAP1 and TAZ are key targets of eIF5A-PEAK1 signaling. YAP1/TAZ coimmunoprecipitated with PEAK1. Interfering with eIF5A-PEAK1 signaling in PDAC cells inhibited YAP/TAZ protein expression, decreasing expression of stem cell–associated transcription factors (STF) including Oct4, Nanog, c-Myc, and TEAD, thereby decreasing three-dimensional (3D) tumor sphere growth. Conversely, amplified eIF5A-PEAK1 signaling increased YAP1/TAZ expression, increasing expression of STF and enhancing 3D tumor sphere growth. Informatic interrogation of mRNA sequence databases revealed upregulation of the eIF5A-PEAK1-YAP1-TEAD signaling module in PDAC patients. Taken together, our findings indicate that eIF5A-PEAK1-YAP signaling contributes to PDAC development by regulating an STF program associated with increased tumorigenicity. <I>Cancer Res; 77(8); 1997–2007. ©2017 AACR</I>.</P>