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국내 해안 산업도시 음식물류폐기물의 연간 성상 특성 및 바이오가스 발생량
박상혁,JANNAT MD ABU HANIFA,황석환 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.39 No.3
Korea recycles approximately four million tons of food waste (FW) annually. Around 80% of this waste is treated as animal feed and compost. As the demand for animal feed and compost from FW decreases, there is an increasing need to find innovative solutions for this waste. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is currently the most realistic solution, and Korea has plans to construct more AD facilities by 2030. Before these facilities can be built, it is essential to study the indicators and frequencies representative of the characteristic changes in FW. The current literature is lacking in this area, as many studies only focus on a few critical indicators over short periods of time. This study aims to overcome this lack of information by analyzing two processes. The first process analyzes the monthly and seasonal variations in FW characteristics of Pohang city for one year. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests were performed, and their data was analyzed to provide basic information for AD design. The second process evaluates different methods of estimating methane production to determine which is the most suitable. The FW characterization study was conducted twice a month and the BMP analysis was conducted once a month. An analysis of the physicochemical parameters for one year indicated an average pH of 4.82, an average moisture content of 80.68%, an average volatile solid (VS) value of 174.48 g/L, an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 275.48 g/L, the average carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents in VS basis were 41.87%, 33.59 %, and 14.34% respectively, and the average BMP was 259.97 ± 12.96 mL/g COD. Principal component analysis of FW characteristics resulted in two significantly different clusters – one for winter and spring and the other for summer and fall. The ANOSIM R-value for these characteristics was 0.821 (p < 0.01). Methane production levels were estimated from FW characteristics using COD, organic composition, and heat value basis. The data indicated that estimating methane production from FW using an organic composition basis rendered more accurate results than the other two methods. These results are beneficial for designing and managing food waste using AD processes as understanding the substrate characteristic change is important to maintaining stability.
구태완,JANNAT MD ABU HANIFA,황석환 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.4
A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) was applied to estimate biokinetic coefficients of Clostridium cadaveris and Clostridium sporogenes, which utilize protein as carbon source. Experimental data on changes in peptone concentration and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of C. cadaveris and C. sporogenes were fitted to model. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta approximation with non-linear least squares analysis was employed to solve the ordinary differential equations to estimate biokinetic coefficients. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax), half-saturation concentration (Ks), growth yield (Y), and decay coefficient (Kd) of C. cadaveris and C.sporogenes were 0.73 ± 0.05 and 1.35 ± 0.32 h-1, 6.07 ± 1.52 and 5.67 ± 1.53 g/l, 2.25 ± 0.75 x 1010 and 7.92 ± 3.71 x 109 copies/g, 0.002 ± 0.003 and 0.002 ± 0.001 h-1, respectively. The theoretical specific growth rate of C. sporogenes always exceeded that of C. cadaveris at peptone concentration higher than 3.62 g/l. When the influent peptone concentration was 5.0 g/l, the concentration of C.cadaveris gradually decreased to the steady value of 2.9 x 1010 copies/ml at 4 h Hydraulic retention time (HRT), which indicates a 67.1% reduction of the initial population, but the wash out occurred at HRTs of 1.9 and 3.2 h. The 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of C. sporogenes gradually decreased to steady values ranging from 1.1 x 1010 to 2.9 x 1010 copies/ml. C. sporogenes species was predicted to wash out at an HRT of 1.6 h.
차야니,YULISA ARMA,박상혁,JANNAT MD ABU HANIFA,황석환 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.4
Olive flounder (OF) and Starry flounder (SF) are the commonly cultured fish species in the South Korea East Sea. Evaluation of whether those dead fish wastes are suitable for anaerobic digestion is required. The aim of this study was to characterize the physicochemical properties of each fraction which was flesh, bone, head, skin, viscera, and whole fish OF and SF and evaluate their biochemical methane potential (BMP). The results showed that both dead fish species’ wastes mainly contained proteins (48- 75% of volatile solids [VS]) and lipids (19-40% of VS), whereas carbohydrates were little found (0.7-5% of VS). The BMP of each fraction was investigated in a mesophilic condition and the substrate-to-microbe ratio was 0.5 g CODsubstrate/g VSSinoculum. The results showed that the bone fractions in both OF and SF showed the highest methane yield with 0.37 and 0.38 L CH4/g CODadded, respectively whereas the viscera fractions of both fish species showed the lowest methane yield with 0.20 L CH4/g CODadded. The modified Gompertz model showed that the longest lag phase was observed in the bone fractions of OF and SF with 1.59 d and 2.62 d and the shortest lag phase was in the viscera fraction of OF and SF with 0.37 d and 0.58 d, respectively. The energy recovery of every fraction of both species ranged 43-69%. Principal component analysis indicated that the viscera fraction of OF and SF had different characteristics from the other fractions. This study suggests that dead fish wastes can be considered for biogas production.
Kim, Eunji,Shin, Seung Gu,Jannat, Md Abu Hanifa,Tongco, Jovale Vincent,Hwang, Seokhwan Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.245 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Using organic wastes as an alternative to commercial carbon sources could be beneficial by reducing costs and environmental impacts. In this study, food waste-recycling wastewater (FRW) was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for biological denitrification over a period of seven months in a full-scale sewage wastewater treatment plant. The denitrification performance was stable with a mean nitrate removal efficiency of 97.2%. Propionate was initially the most persistent volatile fatty acid, but was completely utilized after 19days. Eubacteriacea, Saprospiraceae, Rhodocyclaceae and Comamonadaceae were the major bacterial families during FRW treatment and were regarded as responsible for hydrolysis (former two) and nitrate removal (latter two) of FRW. These results demonstrate that FRW can be an effective external carbon source; process stabilization was linked to the acclimation and function of bacterial populations to the change of carbon source.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A full-scale WWTP fed with FRW as carbon source achieved desired nitrate removal. </LI> <LI> Propionate was the most persistent VFA initially but was fully utilized after 19days. </LI> <LI> Eubacteriacea and Saprospiraceae were potentially responsible for hydrolysis for FRW. </LI> <LI> Rhodocyclaceae and Comamonadaceae putatively played a role in the nitrate removal. </LI> </UL> </P>