職業病 豫防

Holden, B McClung,李匡默 대한의학협회 1964 대한의학협회지 Vol.7 No.12

産業保健

McClung,Holden B. 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1964 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.3 No.3

본인은 이 자리를 빌려 한국에 와서 여러 저명인사들로부터 받은 후의와 친절에 대해서 깊은 감사를 드립니다. 참으로 감명 깊은 경험을 얻었습니다. 오늘 여러분이 허락하신다면 “산업보건”이라는 제목하에 몇가지 말씀을 드리고자 합니다. 여러분이 이 문제에 대해서 흥미를 느끼지 못하시고 주무시는 분이 계실 때에는 본인은 여러분의 잠에 방해가 되지 않도록 조용히 이야기를 끝마치겠습니다. 우선 산업보건이라는 용어의 정의부터 말씀 드리겠습니다. 이 분야에 종사하는 사람들 중에도 이 뜻을 잘못 이해하고 있는 분이 상당히 있습니다. 국제노동기구의 권고제 112호를 인용하면 산업보호사업이라는 것은 다음에 열거하는 몇가지 목적을 위하여 사업장내외에서 행하는 일을 말한다고 되어있습니다. 즉 첫째, 작업시 발생하는 유해물질이나 작업조건으로 인하여 건강장애를 초래하지 않도록 근로자를 보호하는 것이고, 둘째는 근로자들의 능력에 따라 작업을 조정하고 적재적소에 배치함으로써 신체적으로나 정신적으로 근로자가 자기의 일에 적응할 수 있도록 도와주는 것이며 셋째는 근로자의 신체적, 정신적인 건강상태를 최고도로 유지할수 있도록 노력하는 것이라고 합니다. 이와같은 정의를 생각하여보면 이 보건사업을 수행함에 있어서는 여기에 관련성이있는 여러 분야의 전문가들이 힘을 합쳐서 일을해야 한다는 것을 바로 알수가 있습니다. 이들 전문분야가 어떠한 것이라고 규정되어있지는 않지마는 그중에서 중요한 것 네가지만을 다음에 들어보겠습니다.

Emerging Therapies for Osteoporosis

Michael R. McClung 대한내분비학회 2015 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.30 No.4

Although several effective therapies are available for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and older men, there remains a need for the development of even more effective and acceptable drugs. Several new drugs that are in late-stage clinical development will be discussed. Abaloparatide (recombinant parathyroid hormone related peptide [PTHrP] analogue) has anabolic activity like teriparatide. Recent data from the phase 3 fracture prevention trial demonstrate that this agent is effective in reducing fracture risk. Inhibiting cathepsin K reduces bone resorption without decreasing the numbers or activity of osteoclasts, thereby preserving or promoting osteoblast function. Progressive increases in bone mineral density (BMD) have been observed over 5 years. Early data suggest that odanacatib effectively reduces fracture risk. Lastly, inhibiting sclerostin with humanized antibodies promotes rapid, substantial but transient increases in bone formation while inhibiting bone resorption. Marked increases in BMD have been observed in phase 2 studies. Fracture prevention studies are underway. The new therapies with novel and unique mechanisms of action may, alone or in combination, provide more effective treatment options for our patients.

Denosumab for the treatment of osteoporosis

Michael R. McClung 대한골다공증학회 2017 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.3 No.1

Denosumab, a specific inhibitor of RANK ligand, is a novel therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis and related disorders. An extensive clinical development program has evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of denosumab with several thousand patients being followed for up to 10 years. Combined with more than six years of postmarketing experience, these studies provide substantial confidence that denosumab is a convenient and appropriate treatment for patients, including Asians, at high risk for fracture. This review will summarize the clinical development of denosumab and lessons learned since its approval for clinical use in 2010.

Romosozumab for the treatment of osteoporosis

Michael R. McClung 대한골다공증학회 2018 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.4 No.1

Romosozumab, a specific inhibitor of sclerostin, is a unique approach to therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis and related disorders. The elucidation of sclerostin deficiency as the molecular defect of syndromes of high bone mass with normal quality, and the pivotal role of sclerostin as a mediator of osteoblastic activity and bone formation, provided the platform for the evaluation of inhibitors of sclerostin to activate bone formation. An extensive preclinical program and 2 large fracture endpoint trials with romosozumab, a sclerostin-binding antibody, have been completed. This review will highlight the results of those studies and describe the current status of romosozumab as a potential therapy for osteoporosis.

Making Hunger Yield

American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.344 No.6185

<P>The human population reached 1 billion in the early 1800s, roughly 12,000 years after the dawn of agriculture. However, exponential growth in the ensuing 200 years resulted in the global population exceeding 7 billion, placing enormous demands on modern agriculture. Over the past half-century, the human population has doubled but food production has more than kept pace, and the fraction of people with insufficient food has declined dramatically, from 60% in 1960 to about 15% in 2010 (<I>1</I>), Nonetheless, ∼1 billion people remain chronically underfed and another ∼2 billion suffer from micronutrient deficiencies (<I>1</I>, <I>2</I>). It is imperative, then, to accelerate increases in agricultural production.</P>

Improving Soil Quality to Increase Yield and Reduce Diseases in Organic Rice Production

Fugen Dou,Anna Mcclung,Shane Zhou,Frank Hons,Jason Wight,Joseph Storlien 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Effect of Irrigation Water Management on As and Cd in Rice Grain

Rufus Chaney,Merle Anders,Anna Mcclung 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Correlation between Methane (CH4) Emissions and Root Aerenchyma of Rice Varieties

김우재,Liem T. Bui,전재범,Anna M. McClung,Jinyoung Y. Barnaby 한국육종학회 2018 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.6 No.4

Percentage of aerenchyma area has been closely linked with amounts of methane emitted by rice. A diversity panel of 39 global rice varieties were examined to determine genetic variation for root transverse section (RTS), aerenchyma area, and % aerenchyma. RTS and aerenchyma area showed a strong positive correlation while there existed no significant correlation between RTS area and % aerenchyma. Five varieties previously shown to differ in methane emissions under field conditions were found to encompass the variation found in the diversity panel for RTS and aerenchyma area. These five varieties were evaluated in a greenhouse study to determine the relationship of RTS, aerenchyma area, and % aerenchyma with methane emissions. Methane emissions at physiological maturity were the highest for ‘Rondo’, followed by 'Jupiter', while 'Sabine', 'Francis' and 'CLXL745' emitted the least. The same varietal rank, ‘Rondo’ being the largest and ‘CLXL745’ the smallest, was observed with RTS and aerenchyma areas. RTS and aerenchyma area were significantly correlated with methane emissions, r = 0.61 and r = 0.57, respectively (P < 0.001); however, there was no relationship with % aerenchyma. Our results demonstrated that varieties with a larger root area also developed a larger aerenchyma area, which serves as a gas conduit, and as a result, methane emissions were increased. This study suggests that root transverse section area could be used as a means of selecting germplasm with reduced CH4 emissions.

Circadian control of <i>ORE1</i> by PRR9 positively regulates leaf senescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Kim, Hyunmin,Kim, Hyo Jung,Vu, Quy Thi,Jung, Sukjoon,McClung, C. Robertson,Hong, Sunghyun,Nam, Hong Gil National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.33

<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>The circadian clock is involved in aging in animals, where mutations in core clock genes accelerate aging. However, little is known about the relationship between aging and the circadian clock in plants. Using the well-studied process of leaf senescence in <I>Arabidopsis</I>, a higher plant, as a model for aging, we show that the circadian clock has a critical role in regulating the aging process in plants. Specifically, we show that PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 9 (PRR9), a core clock component, positively regulates leaf senescence. <I>ORESARA 1</I> (<I>ORE1</I>), an aging regulator, is controlled by PRR9 via direct transcriptional activation and indirectly by suppressing <I>miR164</I>, a posttranscriptional repressor of <I>ORE1</I>, thus forming a coherent feed-forward regulatory loop.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The circadian clock coordinates the daily cyclic rhythm of numerous biological processes by regulating a large portion of the transcriptome. In animals, the circadian clock is involved in aging and senescence, and circadian disruption by mutations in clock genes frequently accelerates aging. Conversely, aging alters circadian rhythmicity, which causes age-associated physiological alterations. However, interactions between the circadian clock and aging have been rarely studied in plants. Here, we investigated potential roles for the circadian clock in the regulation of leaf senescence in plants. Members of the evening complex in <I>Arabidopsis</I> circadian clock, EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4), and LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX), as well as the morning component PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 9 (PRR9), affect both age-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence. The circadian clock regulates the expression of several senescence-related transcription factors. In particular, PRR9 binds directly to the promoter of the positive aging regulator <I>ORESARA1</I> (<I>ORE1</I>) gene to promote its expression. PRR9 also represses <I>miR164</I>, a posttranscriptional repressor of <I>ORE1</I>. Consistently, genetic analysis revealed that delayed leaf senescence of a <I>prr9</I> mutant was rescued by <I>ORE1</I> overexpression. Thus, PRR9, a core circadian component, is a key regulator of leaf senescence via positive regulation of <I>ORE1</I> through a feed-forward pathway involving posttranscriptional regulation by <I>miR164</I> and direct transcriptional regulation. Our results indicate that, in plants, the circadian clock and leaf senescence are intimately interwoven as are the clock and aging in animals.</P></▼2>