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Supporting participation of Asia-Pacific SMEs in global value chains
Masato Abe,Marc Proksch 한국무역학회 2017 Journal of Korea trade Vol.21 No.2
Purpose – Global value chains (GVCs) have become increasingly influential in determining the patterns of international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) and in providing growth opportunities in Asia and the Pacific while small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been an engine of economic development. The purpose of this paper is to provide effective development strategies and relevant policy approaches to facilitate dynamic insertion of SMEs into GVCs. Design/methodology/approach – This paper was developed based on various Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific works in the fields of the development of SMEs and GVCs in Asia and the Pacific. Sectoral case studies on agribusiness, garment/apparel, automotive and electronics illustrate SMEs’ effective integration into GVCs. Findings – SMEs face multiple obstacles and challenges which may limit the benefits derived from the development of GVCs in Asia and the Pacific. Policymakers are suggested to design and implement appropriate strategies and polices in order to facilitate the development of SMEs under the ongoing globalization. Research limitations/implications – This paper is mainly based on existing policy papers which were developed by the United Nations Secretariat, its specialized agencies and others. Further empirical and policy studies are expected to be conducted in order to deepen the understanding of the present topics and to come up with practical policy options. Practical implications – Policymakers are suggested to consider strategies and policy options recommended by this paper for their works on SME development and trade and investment promotion. Originality/value – This is the first policy paper which proposes a comprehensive framework for SMEs’ effective participation in GVCs, specifically suggesting seven approaches, namely, SME development; trade policy; behind-the-border and cross-border trade facilitation; regional integration frameworks; FDI promotion; SME clusters; and national innovation system.
Control system modeling of stock management for civil infrastructure
Abe, Masato Techno-Press 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.15 No.3
Management of infrastructure stock is essential in sustainability of society, and its analysis and optimization are studied in the light of control system modeling in this paper. At the first part of the paper, cost of stock management is analyzed based on macroscopic statistics on infrastructure stock and economical growth. Stock management burden relative to economy is observed to become larger at low economic growth periods in developed economies. Then, control system modeling of stock management is introduced and by augmenting maintenance actions as control input, dynamic behavior of stock is simulated and compared with existing time history statistics. Assuming steady state conditions, applicability of the model to cross sectional data is also demonstrated. The proposed model is enhanced so that both preventive and corrective maintenance can be included as system inputs, i.e., feedforward and feedback control inputs. Optimal management strategy to achieve specified deteriorated stock level with minimal cost, expressed in terms of preventive and corrective maintenance actions, is derived based on estimated parameter values for corrosion of steel bridges. Relative cost effectiveness of preventive maintenance is shown when target deteriorated stock level is lower.
Morphological classification and comparison of suboccipital muscle fiber characteristics
Masato Yamauchi,Masahito Yamamoto,Kei Kitamura,Sumiharu Morita,Ryotaro Nagakura,Satoru Matsunaga,Shinichi Abe 대한해부학회 2017 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.50 No.4
In an attempt to clarify the function of the suboccipital muscles, we performed morphological observation of the suboccipital muscles for variations in the muscle belly and compared the morphology of their muscle fibers in terms of cross-sectional area by immunostaining with anti-myosin heavy chain antibodies. The cadavers of 25 Japanese individuals were used: 22 for morphological examinations and three for histological examinations. Among samples of the rectus capitis posterior major muscle (RCPma) and rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (RCPmi), 86.4% had a typical muscle appearance with a single belly, and 13.6% had an anomalous morphology. None of the samples of the obliquus capitis superior (OCS) or obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscles had an anomalous appearance. Measurement of cross-sectional area revealed that fast-twitch muscle fibers in the RCPma and OCI had a significantly greater cross-sectional area than those of the RCPmi and OCS. The cross-sectional area of intermediate muscle fibers was also significantly greater in the OCS than in the RCPma, RCPmi, and OCI. The cross-sectional area of slow-twitch muscle fibers was significantly greater in the OCS than in the RCPma, RCPmi, and OCI, and the RCPmi showed a significantly greater cross-sectional area for slow-twitch muscle fibers than did the RCPma, and OCI. Our findings indicate that the RCPmi and OCS exert a greater force than the RCPma and OCI, and act as anti-gravity agonist muscles of the head. Prolonged head extension in individuals with anomalous suboccipital muscle groups could result in dysfunction due to undue stress.
Impacts of the Digital Economy on Manufacturing in Emerging Asia
Jaewon Kim,Masato Abe,Fiona Valente 아시아기술혁신학회 2019 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.8 No.1
The advent of digitalisation has transformed economies into more integrated, but increasingly complex systems. This new trend has brought dynamic changes in the manufacturing sector through advanced ICT infrastructure, smart factories, digitally-controlled logistics, and skilled ICT-labour. The impacts of the digital economy on manufacturing could be best illustrated through “Industry 4.0.” With this wave of technological advancement, countries aim to establish an industrial ecosystem where every manufacturing process and function is connected and interacts through digital networks. Industry 4.0 presents opportunities for Emerging Asia, as the region has emerged as a fast-growing manufacturing hub and particularly a production base for ICT goods. However, growing production capacity, increased exports, and increases in FDI in the field of ICT goods manufacturing have so far contributed little to the development and diffusion of ICT. A huge gap exists in the ICT uptake amongst countries and between small and large firms. This paper highlights the level of Industry 4.0 readiness of Emerging Asia and key factors that determine its enhancement.
Impacts of the Digital Economy on Manufacturing in Emerging Asia
Kim, Jaewon,Abe, Masato,Valente, Fiona Asian Society for Innovation and Policy 2019 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.8 No.1
The advent of digitalisation has transformed economies into more integrated, but increasingly complex systems. This new trend has brought dynamic changes in the manufacturing sector through advanced ICT infrastructure, smart factories, digitally-controlled logistics, and skilled ICT-labour. The impacts of the digital economy on manufacturing could be best illustrated through "Industry 4.0." With this wave of technological advancement, countries aim to establish an industrial ecosystem where every manufacturing process and function is connected and interacts through digital networks. Industry 4.0 presents opportunities for Emerging Asia, as the region has emerged as a fast-growing manufacturing hub and particularly a production base for ICT goods. However, growing production capacity, increased exports, and increases in FDI in the field of ICT goods manufacturing have so far contributed little to the development and diffusion of ICT. A huge gap exists in the ICT uptake amongst countries and between small and large firms. This paper highlights the level of Industry 4.0 readiness of Emerging Asia and key factors that determine its enhancement.
Makoto Yamakado,Masato Abe 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
Some approaches to emulating expert driver’ longitudinal and lateral integrated control using jerk information are studied in this paper. We proposed a longitudinal driver model which works in coordination with any steering input. The longitudinal acceleration command is calculated by the vehicle lateral jerk information. Adopting programmed and preview-follower model for the steering input, we compared with the expert drivers cornering and braking lane change test results both on dry asphalt and slippery road. The both results agree well, and we confirmed the model can emulate a certain respect of expert driver’ control strategy for trade-off between longitudinal and lateral acceleration.