Statistics, Computation, and Adaptation in High Dimensions

Pananjady Martin, Ashwin University of California, Berkeley ProQuest Disser 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Periferias emancipadas: Politicas de la representacion espacial en la Iberia reimaginada : Emancipated Peripheries. Politics of Spatial Representation in the Re-imagined Iberia

Lopez-Vega, Martin ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation, Emancipated Peripheries. Politics of Spatial Representation in the Re-imagined Iberia, explores how the emergence of Basque, Galician and Asturian literatures has changed the web of relations between these literatures and the other consolidated Iberian literatures (Castilian, Portuguese, and Catalan), and how the coexistence of these literatures in the Iberian Peninsula forces us to re-conceptualize Iberian space as the place where the identity of a certain linguistic community is performed, understanding space in a performative way. This dissertation questions two predominant assumptions: first, that peripheral literatures are nothing but small imitations of national literatures, and that they follow the same paradigm at a minor scale, with minor achievements which are significant only in their own context. Second, that there is a centripetal center towards which every cultural movement tends to refer. I argue that peripheral Iberian literatures establish themselves as new interconnected centers of cultural production that are no longer dependent, but rather are inter-dependent, transforming the periphery into a privileged place for renovation and the formulation of new cultural proposals and tendencies. This reading of the Iberian context also invites a new reading of the Castilian canon, unearthing hidden masterpieces and alternative readings of the tradition. A post-colonial, ecocritical and biopolitical approach to these issues allows an in-depth understanding of what has been hidden: alternative conceptions of modernity, dissimilar readings of the literary canon, and the strong and concealed voices of the peripheral, the women, or the rural. This dissertation examines how peripheral literatures (and among these I include a certain reading of the Castilian tradition) redefine the relation between the human and non-human, masculine and feminine, nature and culture (focusing on the poetry of the Galician poet Olga Novo); how they draw new symbolic maps of the Iberian literatures and their traditions (as the Asturian writer Xuan Bello does); how they recover the lost memory of certain communities (studying novels by Basque writer Inigo Aranbarri and the Castilian novelist Julio Llamazares, as well as video installations by artists like Barbara Fluxa or Ivan Cortazar); and how certain literary works propose a new web of relations between peripheries (analyzing the novels by the Portuguese writer Valter Hugo Mae).

Determinants of entry mode choice of Korean frims into Asian developing countries

조세호 고려대학교 대학원 2009 국내석사

Numerous firms over the world try to invest in foreign market directly to get more profit and sustain their competitiveness. Although concern for firms’ entry mode selection has been dealt with in many previous studies, there are only a few studies for selection of Korean firms’ entry mode and they are not mainly focused on Asian developing countries which possess a big portion and are important for Korean firms’ outward FDI. Thus, this paper investigates the determinants of Korean firms’ outward FDI into 10 main Asian developing countries. Total 122 Korean firms are used as samples and logistic regression is conducted to analyze them. I investigate effects of firm internal factors and external factors on the selection of Korean firms’ foreign entry mode. As a result, this research empirically demonstrates that firm size, firm experience in domestic market, firm performance in domestic market, and firm internationalization factors affect significantly entry mode decision. Also, the result shows that the moderating effect of foreign investment risk is very strong. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that both firm internal and external factors play an important role for selection of Korean firms’ entry mode into Asian developing countries.

Detecting recent natural selection at the human hemochromatosis locus (HFE) using allele age estimates

Toomajian, Christopher Martin The University of Chicago 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

The high frequency of one hemochromatosis-associated mutation, <italic> HFE</italic> C282Y, its apparent recent origin, and the nature of this disease have led some to suggest a selective advantage for this mutation. To assess this claim, we surveyed nucleotide variability in the <italic>HFE</italic> locus for 60 chromosomes from a worldwide sample to determine common polymorphisms and haplotypes. Within a large Caucasian sample, we studied one aspect of linkage disequilibrium, the extent of haplotype sharing at linked sites, for alleles defined by polymorphisms in the <italic>HFE</italic> gene. We found that for most alleles at <italic>HFE</italic> the relationship between allele frequency and allele age estimated from the extent of haplotype sharing appears consistent with genetic drift. In contrast, the C282Y allele and one additional allele show a larger extent of haplotype sharing (and thus a younger age) than seems consistent with their high frequency resulting from drift, suggesting these haplotypes have recently risen in frequency due to positive selection. We develop a coalescent algorithm suitable for the simulation of the microsatellite haplotypes commonly used in estimating allele age. Samples produced under complex demographic models can be analyzed in order to produce null distributions of allele age for alleles of specified frequency. We simulate haplotype data under various demographic and recombination parameters and estimate allele ages for comparison to ages estimated for observed <italic>HFE</italic> alleles. The two alleles with extensive haplotype sharing show a significant deviation from a neutral constant population size model, and we test for models of population growth following a bottleneck that are consistent with all of the observed alleles. Our results indicate that all of the <italic>HFE</italic> alleles cannot easily be explained by any one model and that selection has affected multiple haplotypes.

Instructing soldiers for their states: Allocation and evolution of military training assistance for foreign nationals

Kifer, Martin James University of Minnesota 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

The United States has engaged in widespread, varied, and comprehensive training of members of foreign militaries for more than half a century, but as the only remaining superpower, its increasing contact with foreign militaries is potentially more influential. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including analysis of budget data and legislative and executive branch documents, this project explains allocation strategies for training aid to foreign militaries from the Cold War to the current era after September 11, 2001. It further explains reasons for changes over time in the goals and content of these military training programs.

On real exchange rate volatility and financial markets

Bodenstein, Martin Northwestern University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation studies various dimensions of real exchange rate behavior. Chapter 1 shows that a model with limited enforcement of international financial contracts can explain two major puzzles about exchange rates: the exchange rate volatility puzzle (real exchange rates are much more volatile than other macroeconomic variables) and the negative correlation between the real exchange rate and relative consumption (Backus-Smith puzzle). In Chapter 2, I ask the question whether a model of limited enforcement can in addition account for the high volatility of asset prices. Unfortunately, this does not seem to be the case. If domestic markets are complete and frictionless, but international markets are complete and suffer from limited enforcement, the model generates high real exchange rate volatility and a negative correlation of the real exchange rate with relative consumption. However, asset prices are not volatile enough. If I assume that there is also limited enforcement in the domestic financial markets, the model still correctly predicts a negative correlation between the real exchange rate and relative consumption. Also, asset prices become approximately as volatile as in the data. However, as the model implies very limited international risk sharing, the real exchange rate becomes much too volatile. Chapter 3 analyzes different exchange rate regimes as exogenous commitment devices for monetary policy. In addition to the well known inflationary bias, the time inconsistency problem can induce expectation traps and perverse policy responses to real shocks. Both phenomena imply that flexible exchange rates may feature larger macroeconomic volatility than fixed exchange rates.

Formal syntheses of hirsutine and rhynchophylline and progress toward the enantioselective total synthesis of citrinadin A

Pettersson, Martin Youngjin The University of Texas at Austin 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

The diastereoselective formal syntheses of the corynanthe alkaloid hirsutine and oxindole alkaloid rhynchophylline are described. The general approach features the use of ring-closing metathesis (RCM) to construct an alpha,beta-unsaturated lactam, which is subjected to 1,4-addition. The lithium enolate of ethyl-1,3-dithiolane-2-carboxylate was identified as the optimal nucleophile in these systems. A key feature of this approach is that the stereochemical outcome of the 1,4-addition can be effectively controlled by appropriately sequencing the indole Boc-protection step to give either the C(3)-H/C(15)-H cis or C(3)-H/C(15)-H trans stereochemical relationship. As a result, we have developed a unified approach to both the "normal" and "pseudo" corynanthe alkaloids. This finding was highlighted through the synthesis of the complete carbon skeleton of the archetypal normal corynanthe alkaloid dihydrocorynantheol. An efficient synthesis of the tricyclic spiroindolinone ABC-fragment of the marine alkaloid citrinadin A has been achieved. The synthesis relies on a novel asymmetric oxidative rearrangement of an indole to an oxindole using a chiral auxiliary on the indole nitrogen to achieve facial selectivity. The transformation proceeds via the epoxidation of the indole C(2),C(3) double bond using DMDO, followed by a silica gel-mediated 1,2-epoxide rearrangement. Using this tactic, the spirooxindole of citrinadin A, which contains two adjacent quaternary centers, was formed in high yield and excellent diastereoselectivity. Efforts toward the fragment coupling of the tricyclic spiroindolinone with a 2,4,6-trisubstituted piperidine coupling partner are described.

The effectiveness of the hands on program in attaining the stated goals of the International Mission Board: A quantitative study

Gayhart, Jeffrey Martin The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation examines the effectiveness of the International Mission Board's Hands On program in reaching stated goals. Chapter 1 introduces the research question by examining the current state of short-term missions (STM) and the Foreign Mission Board/International Mission Board's (FMB/IMB) methodological embrace of STM. This chapter introduces a particular short-term mission (STM) opportunity offered by the IMB, called Hands On. The research questions are addressed by a historical study and by a quantitative study of the effectiveness of the Hands On program. Chapter 2 is a more in depth historical study of the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), the history of the FMB/IMB and its embrace of new methodologies, particularly STM. The chapter notes the FMB's initial use of college students for STM assignments, which blossomed into the Journeyman program. The chapter concludes with the FMB's adoption of Bold Mission Thrust as impetus for a more robust student mission strategy, including Hands On. Chapter 3 is an additional historical sketch for this study that reviews the history of STM and student missions. This chapter explains how the early histories of the SBC and student missions/STM movement parallel one another chronologically but not methodologically. The student missions/STM movement is a historical phenomenon that both informs the IMB's strategy and benefits from the IMB's methodological embrace. Also, this chapter surveys technological and sociological advances that opened the world to shorter-term missionaries. The final two chapters focus on the results, analysis, and answers to the research problem. Chapter 4 includes the results and findings of the quantitative survey. In addition, this chapter explains the data analysis method of structural equation modeling (SEM), which is used to analyze multivariate data. Chapter 5 discusses presented resolutions (or lack thereof) to the research problems introduced in Chapter 1. In addition, this chapter includes recommendations for changes in the Hands On program. Finally, this chapter highlights some potential areas for further research.

초등 도덕교육에서 아동들의 공감능력 향상을 위한 지도방안 연구 : Martin L. Hoffman의 이론을 중심으로

오경아 서울교육대학교 2009 국내석사

이 연구는 호프만(Martin L. Hoffman)의 공감 발달에 관한 이론을 중심으로 아동들의 공감능력 향상을 위한 지도방안을 제시하는 데에 목적이 있다. 도덕적 행동을 정의 혹은 공평함의 원리에 근거한 도덕 추론과 판단 과정의 결과로 규정한 콜버그와는 달리, 호프만은 도덕적 행동을 동기 적으로 정의 내린다. 즉, 도덕적 행동은 어떤 사람이나 집단을 위하여 어떤 행동을 하고자 하는 의향에 의해 일어나는 행동, 혹은 인간의 복지나 정의를 지키는 도덕적 규범이나 기준과 부합하여 행동하려는 경향으로 인해 일어나는 행동이다. 여기에는 도덕적 추론이나 판단이 포함될 수도 있지만 꼭 그런 것은 아니다. 호프만은 그 도덕적 동기를 공감이라고 본다. 그가 말하는 공감이란,"자신보다는 다른 사람의 상황에 더 적절한 정서적 반응"을 의미한다. 이것은 다른 사람의 정서적 상태나 조건에 대한 이해로 촉발되어 그것과 부합되거나 일치하는 정서적 상태를 말한다. 즉, 타인의 어려움이나 고통을 이해하고 그 고통을 함께 느낄 수 있는 관계적인 성향을 의미한다. 고통받고 있는 사람을 목격했을 때, 사람들은 공감적으로 반응한다. 즉 자신의 상황보다는 그 사람의 상황에 더 적합한 정서로 반응한다. 그러나 그 상황에 대한 여러 단서들과 피해자에 대한 사전 지식에 따라, 사람들의 이런 감정은 동정적 고통이나 공감적 분노, 혹은 죄책감으로 변한다. 그리고 이러한 정서의 변화가 아동의 도덕적 판단이나 결정에 영향을 미친다. 도덕적 행동의 동기로써 작용한다고 볼 수 있는 것이다. 호프만은 연령이 증가하면서 아동의 공감 수준도 함께 발달하게 된다고 이야기한다. 신생아 초기에 자신과 타인을 구분하지 못한채 이루어지던'총체적 공감'의 수준에서, 점차 타인의 감정과 관점을 인식하게 되면서 타인의 삶의 조건에 대해 전반적인 고려를 할 수 있는 공감의 수준으로 발달하게 된다. 이러한 공감은 도덕원리 중에서 주로 배려의 원리와 관련되며 대부분 정의의 원리들과도 관계가 있다. 공감과 배려의 원리 사이의 관계는 분명하고도 직접적인데, 그 이유는 공감적 정서가 피해자에 대한 관심의 감정과 그들을 도우려는 의향을 포함하고 있기 때문이다. 배려의 원리도 이와 같은 성향을 가지고 있다. 그런가 하면 공감과 정의 원리 사이의 관계는 배려의 원리만큼 직접적이고 분명하지는 못하다. 분배의 정의 원리를 선택하는 과정에서 사람들이 완전히 이기적인 선택을 하지 않는 이유는 타인의 상황에 대해 공감하기 때문이라는 것이다. 결국, 공감은 도덕 원리에 정서적인 바탕을 제공함으로써 사람들이 도덕적 원리를 따를 것인지 말 것인지를 결정하는데 중요한 역할을 한다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 공감은 친사회 행동 증진에 많은 도움을 준다는 연구 결과가 많다. 따라서 교사가 교실에서 아동의 공감 능력향상을 위한 지도에 힘쓸 필요가 있다. 이를 위해, 도덕 교육시간에 협동학습을 활용해 볼 수도 있고, 도덕 이야기법과 도덕적 대화를 통해 이끌어 나갈 수도 있다. 뿐만 아니라 아이들이 다른 사람에게 피해를 입혔을 경우는 귀납적 설득의 훈육과 역할 채택 경험의 기회를 제공함으로써 아동의 공감 능력 향상을 꾀할 수 있다. 또한 도덕 교과 시간 뿐만 아니라 재량활동 시간을 활용하여 감동·감화 자료를 활용하고 공감 게임을 해보는 것도 도움이 된다. 그러나 이러한 공감능력 향상을 꾀함에 있어 여러 가지 한계를 가지고 있다. 특히 복잡한 도덕적 판단의 상황 속에서 경쟁하는 도덕 원리들 중 올바른 도덕적 선택을 해야 하는 경우에, 그 도덕성을 상호 비교하고 평가하는데 있어서 공감은 큰 공헌을 하지 못한다. 낯선 사람보다는 친구나 가족 등 가까운 사람들에게 기울어질 수 있는 편향성의 한계도 고려해야한다. 따라서 이는 이러한 한계점을 보완해 줄 수 있는 이론과의 조화가 필요할 것이다. 도덕 교육은 아동의 도덕성을 계발하고 발달시키는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 도덕성은 기본적으로 도덕적 정서, 도덕적 추론, 도덕적 행동을 포괄하는 개념이다. 이 세 가지 요소가 함께 발달 했을 때 아이들의 도덕성이 발달하였다고 말할 수 있다. 호프만의 공감에 관한 연구는 도덕성 발달에 있어서 공감이 갖는 역할과 의미를 밝혀 줌으로써, 아이들을 교육함에 있어 타인의 감정에 관심을 갖고 배려하며 공감하는 도덕 교육의 중요성을 일깨워 주고 있다. The purpose of this study is to present the methods of teaching for empathy development, especially on Martin L. Hoffman's theory on empathy. Kohlberg prescribed that moral behavior is a result of inference and judgmental process based on a principal of justice or fairness. But Hoffman states that moral behavior is caused by motive. Moral behavior is an activity given an intention for anyone or any group. This includes or does not include moral inference. Hoffman states that moral motive is empathy. Empathy is the vicarious response to another person. Hoffman's focus is empathic distress because prosocial moral action usually involves helping someone in discomfort, pain, danger, or some other type of distress. Therefore, we could say that empathic distress is associated with helping. Empathy is a motive involving moral behavior and as a child gets older, the child's empathy level also develops. On a global stage is that the early stage of newborn don't divide me and others. As people get older gradually, they consider others's feelings and try to see from a points of view. Finally, they grow to consider the conditions of other people's lives. Empathy is mainly related to the principle of caring among the moral principle. The link between empathic distress and caring is direct and obvious. The link between empathy and justice is less obvious but it exists. There are many studies showing that such empathy helps promotion of prosocial behavior. Accordingly, teacher have to make an effort to teach empathy development. We could use cooperative learning, narrative, inductive discipline, role playing, empathy games, etc. The goal of the moral education is to achieve a 'character' through which people's words concur with their behaviors. The goal of this paper is to develop the empathy education which can play a more active role for the goal of moral education.

Martin Buber의 體育思想

안진규 忠南大學校 大學院 2002 국내석사