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김지식,Kevin Kibble,Mark Stanford,손기선,권용남 대한금속·재료학회 2009 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.15 No.4
The propagations of macro-scale cracks were visualized in Si3N4 and SiC ceramics using a mechano-luminescence (ML) of SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy. The bridging zones behind the crack tip were also clearly detected in the crack path within realistic time frames. The ML made it possible to detect cracks propagating within a speed range of 200 m/s to 250 m/s, thereby realizing so-called quasi-dynamic R-curves. The magnitudes and shapes of the bridging stress distributions were found to change with the advancing cracks, continuing to change as the applied load changes, even after the cessation of crack propagation. The effective toughening then commenced and the applied stress intensity factors increased dramatically up to ~120 MPa √m in Si3N4 and 150 MPa √m in SiC. The KTip values expected on the basis of the instantaneous bridging stress distributions obtained from ML observations deviated greatly from those measured using the conventional crack tip lengths; rather, the values support the results obtained by using bridging tips in quasi-dynamic crack propagations.
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비모수적 기대최대치(NPEM) 연산방법에 의한 미국인과 재미동포 충수돌기염 환자에게 겐타마이신의 모집단 약물동태학
범진필(Jin Pil Burm),최준식(Jun Shik Choi),Stanford Jhee,Mark A. Gill 대한약학회 1995 약학회지 Vol.39 No.2
Population pharmacokinetics for gentamicin were compared with 24 American patients (16 male and 8 female) and 16 Korean-American appendicitis patients(12 male and 4 female). Two to six blood specimens were collected from all patients at the following times: just before a regularly scheduled infusion and at 1/2 hour after the end of a 1/2 hour infusion. Nonparametric expected maximum(NPEM) algorithm for population modeling was used. The estimated parameters were the elimination rate constants(K), the slope of the relationship between K versus creatinine clearance(KS), the apparent volume of distribution(V), the slope of the relationship between V versus weight(VS), gentamicin clearance(CL) and the slope of the relationship between CL versus creatinine clearance and the VS(CS). The output includes a 3-dimensional plot of the joint probability density function(PDF), two marginal PDF, means, medians, modes, variance, skewness, kurtosis, and CV%. The mean K(KS) were 0.424 +/- 0.139(0.00429 +/- 0.00164) and 0.411 +/- 0.135 hr-1 (0.00475 +/- 0.00180[hr.mL/min/1.73 m2]-1) for American and Korean-American populations, respectively. The mean V(VS) were not different at 15.6 +/- 4.77(0.233 +/- 0.0526) and 15.1 +/- 3.84L(O.239 +/- 0.0492L/kg) for American and Korean-American populations, respectively (P>0.2). The mean CL(CS) were 6.28 +/- 1.85(0.0634 +/- 0.0191) and 5.70 +/- 1.77L/hr(0.0701 +/- 0.0215L/kg[hr.mL/min/1.73m2]) for American and Korean-American populations, respectively. There are no differences in gentamicin pharmacokinetics between American and Korean-American appendicitis patients.
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