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Physiological and Biochemical Analysis of Growth Abnormalities Associated with Plant Tissue Culture
Barbara Ruffoni,Marco Savona 한국원예학회 2013 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.54 No.3
Micropropagation is an important tool in the multiplication of genetically uniform plants that possess desirable traits for horticultural industry. Like many other technologies, it has gone through different stages of evolution that focused mainly on the production efficiency in terms of quantity. However, several problems affecting the quality of the multiplied plants such as shoot tip necrosis, abnormal and inefficient root development, hyperhydration, fasciation and habituation, have not been adequately investigated using additives or modification of growth conditions. Molecular markers can be used to observe genome modifications of the cloned plants but genetic uniformity is not directly related to phenotypic uniformity, therefore molecular markers may not be useful to understand the bases of these undesirable phenomena. In general, although the tissue culture procedure produces quality propagules, the process induces a stress reaction in the developing plantlets. Plants may show a multitude of responses, including epigenetic variations. Epigenetic regulation is not only important for generating differentiated cell types during plant development,but also in maintaining the stability and integrity of their respective gene expression profiles. In plant tissue culture,changes in DNA methylation and in histone modifications have also been reported in many cases during the de-differentiation pathway, ranging from axillary shoot proliferation to protoplast formation. Information on molecular techniques is increasing rapidly together with the decreasing costs of the molecular detection. It is, therefore, important to employ epigenetic markers to understand all desirable or undesirable physiological responses that occur during tissue culture in the production of quality propagules.
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