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Zandoná,, Manuella Edler,Kim, Su-Hyun,Hyun, Jae-Won,Park, Boram,Joo, Jungnam,Kim, Ho Jin SAGE Publications 2014 Multiple sclerosis journal: clinical and laborator Vol.20 No.14
<P>We evaluated whether the location of the initial attack predicted the locations of subsequent events in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). In the retrospective analysis from 164 patients with NMOSD, increased odds of a second attack occurring in the initial event location were seen in all locations (odds ratio [OR] brain: 16.00; brainstem: 4.42; optic nerve: 4.08; and spinal cord: 4.59), as was a positive linear trend when evaluating the number of previous events in the same location as the third event location (OR brain: 62.52; brainstem: 44.55; optic nerve: 6.48; and spinal cord: 2.98). This study suggests early clinical events of NMOSD tend to recur in the same anatomical location within the central nervous system (CNS).</P>
Oral Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis
김우준,Manuella Edler Zandoná,김수현,김호진 대한신경과학회 2015 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.11 No.1
Classical multiple sclerosis (MS) treatments using first-line injectable drugs, although widelyapplied, remain a major concern in terms of therapeutic adherence and efficacy. New oral drugsrecently approved for MS treatment represent significant advances in therapy. The oral route ofadministration clearly promotes patient satisfaction and increases therapeutic compliance. However, these drugs may also have safety and tolerability issues, and a thorough analysis ofthe risks and benefits is required. Three oral drugs have been approved by regulatory agenciesfor MS treatment: fingolimod, teriflunomide, and dimethyl fumarate. This article reviews themechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy of these drugs and two other drugs that have yieldedpositive results in phase III trials: cladribine and laquinimod.