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Manjulatha Mekapogu,권오근,Do Yoon Hyun,Kyung Jun Lee,Myung Suk Ahn,Jong Taek Park,Jae A Jung 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.1
Chrysanthemum has several hundreds of commercialized cultivars with similar morphological characters including flower color and type. Correct labelling of the cultivars and protecting the intellectual property rights of the breeder requires an accurate and reliable method to discriminate the cultivars. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to identify and discriminate the standard type cultivars in chrysanthemum. 23 SSR markers from the chrysanthemum SSR database were used to identify eleven standard type chrysanthemum cultivars. Of the 23 SSRs, 7 markers showed polymorphic fragments. A total of 187 alleles were obtained using 7 SSR markers in 11 cultivars. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to four with an average of 2.7 per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of 7 SSRs ranged from 0.25 to 0.60 with an average of 0.41. Genetic relationship by cluster analysis based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method revealed a genetic distance of 0.25–1.00 among the 11 cultivars. The 11 standard type cultivars were discriminated by the ChSSR_16 marker alone. However, two cultivars (Sei_no_issei and Makoto) showed complete genetic similarity and could not be distinguished. Hence, the results showed that these SSR markers may prove useful in identifying additional chrysanthemum cultivar types and to assess genetic relationships among cultivars.
Drought stress induced expression of key genes for glycoalkaloid accumulation in potato
Manjulatha M,Hwang Bae Sohn,Kwangsoo Cho,Yulho Kim,Yong-Ik Jin,Oh-Keun Kwon,Jin Cheol Jeong 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07
Steroidal glycoalkaloids which serve the plant defense, are toxic secondary metabolites present in the plants of solanaceae family. The upper safe limit of glycoalkaloids for human consumption is 20mg/KG FW, excess of which may cause severe health disorders. Several factors like drought, high temperature, light exposure, and wounding increase tuber glycoalkaloid content. Among these, drought is an important factor which causes a rapid increase in potato glycoalkaloid content. Glycoalkaloid biosynthetic genes and their expression pattern need to be characterized to regulate the glycoalkaloid accumulation. Three key genes SGT1, SGT2 and SGT3 are demonstrated to be directly participated in the biosynthetic pathway for glycoalkaloid formation. Present study was focused on the study of expression pattern of key genes in GA pathway under drought stress in two different potato cultivars Atlantic and Haryoung which are low and high glycoalkaloid accumulating respectively. Drought stress was imposed by withholding water to the plants grown in pots and control plants kept irrigated. Expression analysis of SGT1, SGT2 and SGT3 was done from the leaf and tuber sample of three time intervals i.e 5, 10 and 20 days after imposing stress. Variation in the expression level of genes was observed in leaf and tuber where the fold increase in expression over control was higher in tuber sample compared to leaf. Expression levels also varied in leaf and tuber among two cultivars. However, expression of SGT1, SGT2 and SGT3 is significant indicating the involvement of these genes in glycoalkaloid accumulation under drought stress.
Light induced expression of key genes for glycoalkaloid accumulation in potato
Manjulatha M,Hwang-Bae Sohn,Kwang-Soo Cho,Oh-Keun Kwon,Jin-Cheol Jeong 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07
Glycoalkaloids are a family of toxic secondary metabolites present in the plants of solanaceae family, which serve for plant defense. Two major glycoalkaloids present in plants are a-solanine and a-chaconine. The upper safe limit of glycoalkaloids for human consumption is 20mg/KG FW and its excess may cause severe health disorders. Light is the major factor known to increase the glycoalkaloid content in post harvest potato tuber. Glycoalkaloid pathway is not completely understood. Hence, identification and characterization of SGA biosynthetic genes and the genetic factors that control their expression levels assumes significance. Present investigation was focused on the study of expression pattern of key genes in steroidal glycoalkaloidal pathway under various light qualities in potato (Solanum tuberosum L). Two potato cultivars Atlantic and Haryeong which accumulates low and high glycoalkaloids respectively were used to check the levels of gene expression under various light qualities viz., red, blue, white, green, yellow, purple, UV light and in dark at different time intervals. Expression of three genes viz., SGT1, SGT2 and SGT3 which are directly involved and four other genes, HMG1, SQS1, SMT1 and SMT2 in the pathway envisaged to be indirectly involved in the glycoalkaloid formation was quantified by RT PCR. Varietal variation in the expression among the genes was observed in different light qualities. White, red and green light compared to other light qualities majorly contributed for the increased expression of genes for glycoalkaloid accumulation at different time intervals. Importantly, there is no significant transcript accumulation of these genes in dark condition. However, more efforts would be extended for further understanding of glycoalkaloid accumulation under light.
( Mekapogu Manjulatha ),( Hwang Bae Sohn ),( Yul Ho Kim ),( Su Jeong Kim ),( Kwang Soo Cho ),( Oh Keun Kwon ),( Yong Ik Jin ),( Su Young Hong ),( Jeong Hwan Nam ),( Jong Taek Suh ),( Ji Kyoung Choi ) 한국육종학회 2014 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.2 No.3
Quantification of potato glycoalkaloids (PGA) exerting toxicity to humans has some limits if applied to potato breeding populations on a large scale due to its high cost and time consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate key genes involved in PGA biosynthesis and their tuber expression patterns in two potato cultivars, Atlantic with low PGA content (18.6 mg/100g FW) and Haryoung with high PGA content (40.1 mg/100g FW), and to test the utility of these PGA gene transcript levels as selectable markers in potato breeding program. Pot grown potato plants of both ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Haryoung’ were exposed to drought stress where the transcript accumulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase 1 (Hmg1) and squalene synthase 1 (Pss1) gene was doubled in the tubers of ‘Haryoung’ at 5days after stress (DAS). The abundance of Hmg1, Pss1, solanidine galactosyl transferase, solanidine glucosyl transferase and rhamnosyl transferase gene transcripts increased at 10 DAS. Especially, the ratio of Hmg1 and Pss1 transcripts in tubers of ‘Haryoung’ to those in tubers of ‘Atlantic’ was higher at 5 DAS compared to that at 10 DAS. The results suggest that drought treatment for 5 days can make a distinct difference in the transcript levels of Hmg1 and Pss1 correlated to PGA levels in tubers of ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Haryoung’, and the mRNA level of Hmg1 and Pss1 can be used as selection markers for breeding potato cultivars with low PGA levels.