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      • The impact of the teach for America experience on emerging leaders

        Maloney, Tanya University of Pennsylvania 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

        RANK : 247343

        Teach For America (TFA) seeks to build a movement of leaders who -- through their experience teaching in a high need school -- develop a deep commitment to solving educational inequity. This study provides an empirical examination of TFA's theory of change while at the same time, addressing persistent questions in teacher education related to how the learning-to-teach process provides a site for young people to develop their understanding of the ways race and social class matter both in and outside the classroom. This study addresses the following research questions: In what ways do alumni believe their TFA experience informs their personal and professional identities? What do TFA alumni believe about the ways that race and class "matter" in education? The study uses ethnographic data collection methods to examine the experience of 17 TFA alumni from a single corps. Identity development theories and experiential learning theory are operationalized to analyze the data. The findings locate the experiences that incite the learning process within new teachers as well as reveal the types of understandings, beliefs, and commitments that endure beyond participation in a preparation program. This study adds to the narrow academic literature that compares TFA teachers to their non-TFA peers as well as the current research on teacher identity development that is centered on university-based programs involving a practicum experience and coursework. Addressing these research questions provides insight for teacher educators working to understand how to prepare new teachers to take on leadership roles in the fight for educational equity. I offer suggestions for TFA and teacher preparation programs that are considered alternative route, or fast-track, as well as more traditional programs.

      • Frictional convergence and the Madden-Julian oscillation

        Maloney, Eric Daniel University of Washington 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

        RANK : 247343

        Frictional surface convergence is shown to be important to the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) of the tropical troposphere using both observations and an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM). An observed composite MJO lifecycle is created using the first two empirical orthogonal functions of the NCEP 850 mb equatorial zonal wind as an index. Lower tropospheric water vapor over the Indian and western Pacific Oceans is significantly correlated with 1000 mb convergence during an MJO lifecycle. Frictional convergence may help to precondition the atmosphere for strong MJO convection by moistening the lower troposphere. Several convection schemes were substituted into the NCAR CCM3 GCM to improve model intraseasonal variability. The McRAS convection scheme, that includes a parameterization of unsaturated convective downdrafts and a relative humidity threshold for convective initiation, produces much improved intraseasonal variability over the default CCM3 convection scheme of Zhang and McFarlane. Intraseasonal variability is decreased for higher relative humidity thresholds with McRAS, contrary to the results of Wang and Schlesinger (1999). Removal of the unsaturated convective downdraft and rain evaporation parameterization greatly diminishes intraseasonal variability in zonal winds and precipitation. An excessively dry tropical troposphere is most likely responsible for the degradation of intraseasonal variability. Low-level MJO specific humidity anomalies in the model are strongly correlated with surface convergence. This strong coupling with surface convergence causes model MJO convection anomalies to be associated with 850 mb easterly perturbations. Where the eastward propagating model MJO signal is strong, low-level specific humidity anomalies precede those at middle and upper levels. Surface convergence affects model convection by moistening the lower troposphere, suggesting that surface convergence during an MJO lifecycle may help to precondition the atmosphere for intense MJO convection. Meridional convergence onto the equator contributes most of the anomalous convergence during an MJO lifecycle in both the model and observations. The wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) mechanism of Emanuel (1987) and Neelin and Yu (1994) does not significantly contribute to the MJO-like mode in the CCM3 with McRAS.

      • Minority carrier lifetime measurements of infrared photodetectors

        Maloney, Patrick G The Johns Hopkins University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

        RANK : 247343

        This thesis correlates the measurements of the minority carrier lifetime using the photoconductivity transient or photoconductive decay (PCD) with measurements and analyses of current-voltage (I-V) on photodiodes. The analyses are done in the primary temperature of operation near 77 Kelvin (K). Measurements of minority carrier lifetime in n-type molecular beam epitaxy Hg1–x CdxTe (MCT) on variable substrates of GaAs, Si, and CdZnTe are presented. The minority carrier lifetime from I-V analysis of P +n long-wave infrared (LWIR) photodiodes on CdZnTe and GaAs substrates is similar to PCD analysis. Deviations occur for HgCdTe/GaAs in the low-temperature extrinsic region associated with Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) at 78 K in contrast to HgCdTe/CdZnTe at similar temperatures. The x-values in the formula Hg 1–xCdxTe for samples grown on CdZnTe and GaAs are 0.22 and 0.235, respectively. I-V analysis of the variable-area LWIR photodiodes shows a calculated minority carrier diffusion coefficient of 2.3 cm 2/s on lattice-matched CdZnTe and 3 cm2/s on non-lattice-matched GaAs with diffusion lengths of approximately 24 µm and 20 µm, respectively. Additional measurements were made on HgCdTe/Si samples for minority carrier lifetime using PCD. Analyses of the data confirms an SRH-limited lifetime for samples doped below 3.2 □ 1015 cm-3 regardless of cadmium composition in this sample set. An HgCdTe/Si sample with doping at 3.2 □ 1015 cm-3 shows an Auger-1 limited lifetime, confirming the possibility of overcoming SRH recombination through the doping dependence of Auger-1 recombination. Further, measurements of minority carrier lifetime were made on n +p LWIR type II superlattice photodiodes. I-V analysis confirms currents that are generation-recombination limited with contributions from shunt and tunneling currents. Arrhenius plots at a reverse bias of 0.05 Volts show a trap energy at the intrinsic Fermi level for the bulk generation recombination current associated with the depletion region while shunt currents have a trap energy of 48 millielectron Volt at a temperature of 78 K. PCD measurements also were made on LWIR type II superlattice photoconductors, which were unable to be correlated with I-V results and analyses.

      • Spillover coordination from global teams

        Maloney, Mary Margaret University of Minnesota 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

        RANK : 247343

        In this dissertation I investigate the role global teams play in MNE coordination. I develop and test a theory describing how global teams do more than accomplish discrete tasks, proposing that they create 'spillover coordination' effects by influencing the amount of work-related direct contact among team members outside the task boundaries of the team. I theorize that spillover coordination is the result of social connections and cognitive awareness developed through team interaction. I also theorize that the design of the team and the context in which it operates influence the degree to which social connections and cognitive awareness develop. I tested the theory by surveying MNE managers with recent experience on a global team. I find that rotating meetings to different countries, and the degree to which the team's work is aligned with the greater organization, are associated with cognitive awareness. I also find that cognitive awareness is associated with spillover coordination. The results have implications for the theoretical domains of international management, organizational behavior and social networks. Specifically, the findings indicate that global teams are a more powerful cross-border integration mechanism than originally thought, and that teams affect the behavior of their members outside the task boundary of the team. The results suggest that MNE managers should be mindful of global team spillover effects, and intentional in the way they design global teams if those benefits are to be achieved.

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