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Olivia May Dean,Michael Maes,Melanie Ashton,Lesley Berk,Buranee Kanchanatawan,Atapol Sughondhabirom,Sookjareon Tangwongchai,Chee Ng,Nathan Dowling,Gin S. Malhi,MIchael Berk 대한정신약물학회 2014 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.12 No.3
While current pharmacotherapies are efficacious, there remain a clear shortfall between symptom remission and functionalrecovery. With the explosion in our understanding of the biology of these disorders, the time is ripe for the investigation ofnovel therapies. Recently depression is conceptualized as an immune-inflammatory and nitro-oxidative stress related disorder. Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that has anti-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, glutamatergic, neurotrophic and neuroprotectiveproperties that make it a viable target to explore as a new therapy. This double blind, randomised, placebo controlled adjunctivetrial will investigate the benefits of 200 mg/day of minocycline treatment, in addition to any usual treatment, as an adjunctivetreatment for moderate-severe major depressive disorder. Sixty adults are being randomised to 12 weeks of treatment (witha 4 week follow-up post-discontinuation). The primary outcome measure for the study is mean change on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), with secondary outcomes including the Social and Occupational FunctioningAssessment Scale (SOFAS), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Patient GlobalImpression (PGI), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) and Range of Impaired Functioning Tool(LIFE-RIFT). Biomarker analyses will also be conducted at baseline and week 12. The study has the potential to provide newtreatment targets, both by showing efficacy with a new class of ‘antidepressant’ but also through the analysis of biomarkersthat may further inform our understanding of the pathophysiology of unipolar depression.
PREDICTING AUTO-IGNITION CHARACTERISTICS OF RCCI COMBUSTION USING A MULTI-ZONE MODEL
U. EGÜZ,N. C. J. MAES,C. A. J. LEERMAKERS,L. M. T. SOMERS,L. P. H. DE GOEY 한국자동차공학회 2013 International journal of automotive technology Vol.14 No.5
The objective of new combustion concepts is to meet emission standards by improving fuel air mixing prior to ignition. Since there is no overlap between injection and ignition, combustion is governed mainly by chemical kinetics and it is challenging to control the phasing of ignition. Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion aims to control combustion phasing by altering the fuel ratios of the high- and low octane fuel and injection timings. In this study the dual fuel blend is prepared with gasoline and diesel fuels. The applied injection timings of the diesel are very early (90 to 60o CA bTDC). In the detailed reaction mechanism, n-heptane and iso-octane represent diesel and gasoline fuel, respectively. A multi-zone model approach is implemented to perform RCCI combustion simulation. Ignition characteristics are analyzed by using CA50 as the main parameter. In the experiments for the early direct injection (DI) timing advancing the injection time results in a later ignition. Qualitatively, the trend effect of the diesel injection timing and the effect of the ratio gasoline/diesel are captured accurately by the multi-zone model.
Vanlaere, Wesley,Impe, Rudy Van,Lagae, Guy,Maes, Thomas Techno-Press 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.19 No.2
A steel silo traditionally consists of a cylindrical and a conical shell. In order to facilitate emptying operations, the cylinder is placed on local supports. This may lead to dangerous stress concentrations and eventually to local instability of the cylindrical wall. In this contribution, the locally supported cylinder is strengthened by means of ring stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners and the effect of their dimensions on the buckling stress is investigated. This study leads to a number of diagrams, each of them representing the effect of one of the dimensions on the buckling stress. In each diagram, the failure pattern corresponding to the buckling stress is indicated.
Gerard Anmella,Alcy Meehan,Melanie Ashton,Mohammadreza Mohebbi,Giovanna Fico,Chee H. Ng,Michael Maes,Lesley Berk,Michele De Prisco,Ajeet B. Singh,Gin S. Malhi,Michael Berk,Seetal Dodd,Diego Hidalgo-Ma 대한정신약물학회 2024 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.22 No.1
Objective: To explore illness-related factors in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) recipients of adjunctive minocycline (200 mg/day) treatment. The analysis included participants experiencing MDD from a 12-week, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial (RCT). Methods: This is a sub-analysis of a RCT of all 71 participants who took part in the trial. The impact of illness chronicity(illness duration and number of depressive episodes), systemic illness (endocrine, cardiovascular and obesity), adverse effects and minocycline were evaluated as change from baseline to endpoint (12-week) using ANCOVA. Results: There was a consistent but statistically non-significant trend on all outcomes in favour of the use of adjunctive minocycline for participants without systemic illness, less illness chronicity, and fewer adverse effects. Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between MDD and illness chronicity, comorbid systemic illness, and adverse effects, can potentially better characterise those individuals who are more likely to respond to adjunctive anti-inflammatory medications.
Involvement of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Dendritic Cells in a Mouse Model of Chemical-induced Asthma
Pollaris Lore,Decaesteker Tatjana,Van den Broucke Sofie,Jonckheere Anne-Charlotte,Cremer Jonathan,Verbeken Erik,Maes Tania,Devos Fien C,Vande Velde Greetje,Nemery Benoit,Hoet Peter H. M.,Vanoirbeek Je 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.2
Purpose: Exposure to low concentrations of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) leads to immune-mediated chemical-induced asthma. The role of the adaptive immune system has already been thoroughly investigated; nevertheless, the involvement of innate immune cells in the pathophysiology of chemical-induced asthma is still unresolved. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) in a mouse model for chemical-induced asthma. Methods: On days 1 and 8, BALB/c mice were dermally treated (20 μL/ear) with 0.5% TDI or the vehicle acetone olive oil (AOO; 2:3). On days 15, 17, 19, 22 and 24, the mice received an oropharyngeal challenge with 0.01% TDI or AOO (1:4). One day after the last challenge, airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine was assessed, followed by an evaluation of pulmonary inflammation and immune-related parameters, including the cytokine pattern in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lymphocyte subpopulations of the lymph nodes and their ex vivo cytokine production profile, blood immunoglobulins and DC and ILC subpopulations in the lungs. Results: Both DC and ILC2 were recruited to the lungs after multiple airway exposures to TDI, regardless of the prior dermal sensitization. However, prior dermal sensitization with TDI alone results in AHR and predominant eosinophilic airway inflammation, accompanied by a typical type 2 helper T (Th2) cytokine profile. Conclusions: TDI-induced asthma is mediated by a predominant type 2 immune response, with the involvement of adaptive Th2 cells. However, from our study we suggest that the innate ILC2 cells are important additional players in the development of TDI-induced asthma.