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MacDonald, David 서강대학교 경영대학원 2010 국내석사
This paper studies IPO and cross-listing behavior onto U.S. and U.K. Exchanges following the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. I tested three different hypotheses, which are as follows: the number of U.S. IPOs has significantly decreased following the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; there has been a reduction in the number of foreign firms cross-listing onto U.S. Exchanges following the Act; and finally there has been a dramatic rise in the London Stock Exchange following the Act. I find powerful evidence that the U.S. exchanges have experienced a decreased listing frequency of IPOs and foreign listing events following the Act. I find that a portion of the decline in foreign listings on the NASDAQ is attributable to firms choosing to bypass a U.S. Exchange and list on the London Stock Exchange’s Alternative Investment Market following the Act. With regards to the NYSE, the decline in listings doesn’t appear to be because of listings lost to the London Stock Exchange’s Main Market following the Act. The results are consistent with my theme that the Act has made the U.S. less competitive in international capital markets. Smaller and less profitable firms are affected most by the Act, due to the high costs of compliance. Many firms have been forced to list elsewhere. With every missing IPO in the U.S., that we may never know, it is greatly reducing productivity, growth and U.S. competiveness. The U.S. is also now facing greater competition from better home capital markets around the world, from places such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. The U.S. has to be aware of the better home capital markets around the world and make the needed regulatory changes to increase their competitiveness.
4D Flow During Pregnancy and After Preterm Birth
Macdonald, Jacob A ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2018 해외박사(DDOD)
4D flow MRI is a powerful imaging technique that allows for the quantification and visualization of blood flow in a three-dimensional vector space over time. While 4D flow MRI has proven clinical value in cardiac, cranial, renal, and hepatic dis. The ability to quantify complex cardiac flow during exercise with MRI is of special interest when studying child and young adult populations with suspected cardiac abnormalities. However, exercise studies in the MR bore are challenging and rarel. The techniques implemented in this dissertation offer enhanced capabilities to quantify and characterize the impact of irregular pregnancies on flow over the current clinical standard of Doppler ultrasound, both in utero and later in life. These.