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( Osamu Kawamura ),( Yukie Kohata ),( Noriyuki Kawami ),( Hiroshi Iida ),( Akiyo Kawada ),( Hiroko Hosaka ),( Yasuyuki Shimoyama ),( Shiko Kuribayashi ),( Yasuhiro Fujiwara ),( Katsuhiko Iwakiri ),( M 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.4
Background/Aims Twenty-four-hour esophageal impedance and pH monitoring allows detection of all types of reflux episodes and is considered the best technique for identifying gastroesophageal refluxes. However, normative data for the Japanese population are lacking. This multicenter study aimed to establish the normal range of 24-hour esophageal impedance and pH data both in the distal and the proximal esophagus in Japanese subjects. Methods Forty-two healthy volunteers (25 men and 17 women) with a mean ± standard deviation age of 33.3 ± 12.4 years (range: 22-72 years) underwent a combined 24-hour esophageal impedance and pH monitoring. According to the physical and pH properties, distal or proximal esophageal reflux events were categorized. Results Median 45 reflux events occurred in 24 hours, and the 95th percentile was 85 events. Unlike previous reports, liquid-containing reflux events are median 25/24 hours with the 95th percentile of 62/24 hours. Acidic reflux events were median 11/24 hours with the 95th percentile of 39/24 hours. Non-acidic gas reflux events were median 15/24 hours with the 95th percentile of 39/24 hours. Proximal reflux events accounted for 80% of the total reflux events and were mainly non-acidic gas refluxes. About 19% of liquid and mixed refluxes reached the proximal esophagus. Conclusions Unlike previous studies, liquid-containing and acidic reflux events may be less frequent in the Japanese population. Non-acidic gas reflux events may be frequent and a cause of frequent proximal reflux events. This study provides important normative data for 24-hour impedance and pH monitoring in both the distal and the proximal esophagus in the Japanese population.
PRACTICAL ACTIVE POWER FILTERS USING SI-THYRISTORS
S.ATOH,T.SHIOTA,T.YAMADA,S.ARAKI,M.KOHATA 전력전자학회 1989 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
We have developed a practical active power filters using SI(Static Induction)-Thyristors, a self-turn-off device excellent in high speed switching characteristics. This active filter was applied to VVVF inverter-driven water distribution system and has operated in the best conditions since the end of the last year. The active filter we have developed uses the compensating algorithm based on the instantaneous spatial vector theory and achieves nig11 speed and high accuracy controls by performing the on-line arithmetic operation with a digital signal processor. As for compensating performances suppression effects within 2% have been a-chieved as compared with the fundamental components at the 5th to 19th harmonics components of inverter current contained in the input current of inverter system.<br/>