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Katsurano, M,Niwa, T,Yasui, Y,Shigematsu, Y,Yamashita, S,Takeshima, H,Lee, M S,Kim, Y-J,Tanaka, T,Ushijima, T Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012 Oncogene Vol.31 No.3
Epigenetic fields for cancerization are involved in development of human cancers, especially those associated with inflammation and multiple occurrences. However, it is still unclear when such field defects are formed and what component of inflammation is involved in induction of aberrant DNA methylation. Here, in a mouse colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), we identified three CpG islands specifically methylated in colonic epithelial cells exposed to colitis. Their methylation levels started to increase as early as 8 weeks after DSS treatment and continued to increase until colon cancers developed at 15 weeks. In contrast to the temporal profile of DNA methylation levels, infiltration of inflammatory cells spiked immediately after the DSS treatment and then gradually decreased. Exposure of cultured colonic epithelial cells to DSS did not induce DNA methylation and it was indicated that inflammation triggered by the DSS treatment was responsible for methylation induction. To clarify components of inflammation involved, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice that lack functional T- and B-cells were similarly treated. Even in SCID mice, DNA methylation, along with colon tumors, were induced at the same levels as in their background strain of mice (C.B17). Comparative analysis of inflammation-related genes showed that Ifng, Il1b and Nos2 had expression concordant with methylation induction whereas Il2, Il6, Il10, Tnf did not. These results showed that an epigenetic field defect is formed at early stages of colitis-associated carcinogenesis and that functional T and B cells are non-essential for the formation.
QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF DAILY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS IN JAPAN
Takeshima, Nobuo,Islam, Mohammod M.,Lee, Mi-Sook,Rogers, Michael E.,Rogers, Nicole L. 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2001 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.1
Decrease in daily physical activity (DPA) leads to decline in fitness in older adults. Quantity and quality of daily PA in forty community-dwelling older adults (70 ± 6 yr; Male 15, Female 25) in Japan was determined in this study by using Lifecorder accelerometers (Suzuken Co., Japan). The Lifecorder accelerometer records and integrates displacement information when worn by an individual. Computer software calculates caloric expenditure, as well as the intensity of the activity. In addition, the Lifecorder estimates resting energy expenditure based on gender, age, height, and weight. In these participants, mean (±SD) totals of daily energy expenditure (TDEE) were 1577±188 kcal/day and step rate (SR) was 6944±4318 steps/day. Age was associated positively with 0 intensity DPA (r=0.48, p<0.05), negatively with TDEE (r=0.44, p<0.05) and moderate intensity DPA (r=0.48, p<0.05). This participants spent 95% period off day performing 0 intensity DPA. Quantity of DPA in these people may be adequate to enjoy health benefits as it conformed to the report of Japan Ministry of Health and Welfare(1996). However, quality of DPA should be improved by increasing higher intensity DPA to further improve their health. The results of this study also indicate that Lifecorder accelerometers are useful in determining quantity and quality of DPA in a relatively healthy older population.