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Kim, K-p,Jang, G,Hong, Y S,Lim, H-S,Bae, K-s,Kim, H-S,Lee, S S,Shin, J-G,Lee, J-L,Ryu, M-H,Chang, H-M,Kang, Y-K,Kim, T W Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.4
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Advanced biliary cancer is often treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug, and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic biliary cancer.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic biliary cancer and no history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy were enrolled. Oxaliplatin was administered intravenously (130 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>), followed by 14-day administration of oral S-1 (40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> twice daily) with a subsequent 7-day rest period every 21 days. Pharmacokinetic analysis of S-1 was performed at cycle 1. Patients were genotyped for <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphisms (<SUP>*</SUP>1, <SUP>*</SUP>4, <SUP>*</SUP>7, <SUP>*</SUP>9 or <SUP>*</SUP>10), and pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters compared according to the <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>In total, 49 patients were evaluated, who received a median of four cycles. The overall response rate was 24.5%. Median progression-free and overall survival was 3.7 and 8.7 months, respectively. The most common haematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicity was neutropenia (14%), while non-hematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicities included anorexia (14%), nausea (12%), asthenia (10%), vomiting (10%), and diarrhoea (4%). Biotransformation of S-1 (AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of 5-fluorouracil/AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of tegafur) was 1.85-fold higher for the <I>*1/*1</I> group than for the other groups (90% confidence interval 1.37–2.49). Diarrhoea (<I>P</I>=0.0740), neutropenia (<I>P</I>=0.396), and clinical efficacy (response rate, <I>P</I>=0.583; PFS, <I>P</I>=0.916) were not significantly associated with <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype, despite differences in 5-FU exposure.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The combination of S-1 and oxaliplatin appears to be active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic biliary cancer, and thus is feasible as a therapeutic modality. <I>CYP2A6</I> genotypes are associated with differences in the biotransformation of S-1. However, the impact of the <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphism on variations in clinical efficacy or toxicity requires further evaluation.</P>
Phenological growth stages of <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i>: codification and description
HONG, S‐,Y,PARK, J‐,H,CHO, S‐,H,YANG, M‐,S,PARK, C‐,M Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Weed research Vol.51 No.6
<P>H<SMALL>ong</SMALL> S‐Y, P<SMALL>ark</SMALL> J‐H, C<SMALL>ho</SMALL> S‐H, Y<SMALL>ang</SMALL> M‐S & P<SMALL>ark</SMALL> C‐M (2011). Phenological growth stages of <I>Brachypodium distachyon</I>: codification and description. <I>Weed Research</I><B>51</B>, 612–620.</P><P><B>Summary</B></P><P><I>Brachypodium distachyon</I> is being used as a new model monocotyledon for grass crop research and bioenergy grass biotechnology. With the recent completion of the full genome sequencing project, one of the next major challenges is to determine the functional activities of many genes. In an attempt to aid the rapid determination of gene function in crop plants, a high throughput phenotypic analysis system has been established through phenological analyses of a series of defined growth stages. The codification follows the BBCH (Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemische Industrie) scale, a numerical system that differentiates between principal and secondary growth stages from seed germination to flower head emergence and seed ripening. We present here analyses of the phenological development stages of <I>B.?distachyon</I> to illustrate a methodological framework that can be used to identify and interpret phenotypic differences derived from genetic variations and environmental stress responses in this plant species. This scale may greatly contribute to the <I>B.?distachyon</I> research in the future, particularly to functional determination of genes that mediate biomass productivity. It may also serve as a suitable tool for defining the growth stages of other grass species.</P>
Hong, S. H.,Lee, S. S.,Chung, J. M.,Jung, H. s.,Singh, S.,Mondal, S.,Jang, H. H.,Cho, J. Y.,Bae, H. J.,Chung, B. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Protoplasma Vol.254 No.1
<P>Yeast peroxiredoxin II (yPrxII) is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a protective role against the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This enzyme consists of 196 amino acids containing 2-Cys Prx with highly conserved two active cysteine residues at positions 48 and 171. The yPrxII has dual enzymatic functions as a peroxidase and molecular chaperone. To understand the effect of additional cysteine residues on dual functions of yPrxII, S79C-yPrxII and S109C-yPrxII, the substitution of Ser with Cys residue at 79 and 109 positions, respectively, was generated. S109C-yPrxII and S79C-yPrxII showed 3.7- and 2.7-fold higher chaperone and peroxidase activity, respectively, than the wild type (WT). The improvement in enzyme activity was found to be closely associated with structural changes in proteins. S109C-yPrxII had increased beta-sheet in its secondary structure and formed high-molecular-weight (HMW) as well as low-molecular-weight (LMW) complexes, but S79C-yPrxII formed only LMW complexes. HMW complexes predominantly exhibited a chaperone function, and LMW complexes showed a peroxidase function. In addition, transgenic yeast cells over-expressing Cys-substituted yPrxII showed greater tolerance against heat and oxidative stress compared to WT-yPrxII.</P>
홍상표(S. P. Hong),권성호(C. H. Quan),심현민(H. M. Shim),김규태(K. T. Kim),김규성(K. S. Kim),윤광섭(K. S. Yoon),이상민(S. M. Lee) 한국재활복지공학회 2015 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11
This paper presents the results of the neuromodulation S/W Design and Implementation based on MSP430. The MSP430 operating with ultra power is used actively in the development of human implantable devices. In this paper, The neuromodulation S/W that was designed based on MSP430 has a simple architecture. Also, this neuromodulation S/W provides the reliability and scalability of generating neuro signals simultaneously. In order to verify the operation of the neuromodulation S/W, A separate external control device(PC) test program developed. By using the program, The experiments on generating and controling a brain stimulation signals corresponding to the parameter was conducted and shows the results.
Yun, S.M.,Woo, S.H.,Oh, S.T.,Hong, S.E.,Choe, T.B.,Ye, S.K.,Kim, E.K.,Seong, M.K.,Kim, H.A.,Noh, W.C.,Lee, J.K.,Jin, H.O.,Lee, Y.H.,Park, I.C. North-Holland 2016 Molecular and cellular endocrinology Vol.422 No.-
Melatonin is implicated in various physiological functions, including anticancer activity. However, the mechanism(s) of its anticancer activity is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the combined effects of melatonin and arsenic trioxide (ATO) on cell death in human breast cancer cells. Melatonin enhanced the ATO-induced apoptotic cell death via changes in the protein levels of Survivin, Bcl-2, and Bax, thus affecting cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Interestingly, we found that the cell death induced by co-treatment with melatonin and ATO was mediated by sustained upregulation of Redd1, which was associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Combined treatment with melatonin and ATO induced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAP kinase downstream from Redd1 expression. Rapamycin and S6K1 siRNA enhanced, while activation of mTORC1 by transfection with TSC2 siRNA suppressed the cell death induced by melatonin and ATO treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that melatonin enhances ATO-induced apoptotic cell death via sustained upregulation of Redd1 expression and inhibition of mTORC1 upstream of the activation of the p38/JNK pathways in human breast cancer cells.
Lee, S.,Hong, K.J.,Cho, Y.S.,Choi, Y.S.,Yoo, M.S.,Lee, S. 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol. No.
<P>Four species of the subgenus Aethina Erichson sensu stricto are recognized in Korea, including two species new to Korea: Aethina (s.str) aeneipennis, and the small hive beetle (SHB), A. (s.str) tumida. This is the first report of the small hive beetle in the Far Eastern Asia, which has been recently spreading worldwide, causing big economic loss in beekeeping industry. Comments on external and genital structures, brief biology, illustrations of the genitalia of both male and female, and a key to species of the subgenus Aethina s. str. are provided. As SHB becomes worldwide issues in apiculture, the invasion history of A. tumida into Korea and its larval description are also provided. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society.</P>
Kim, M. S.,Lee, Y.,Hong, S.,Hwang, S. J.,Kim, B. H.,An, K. G.,Park, Y. S.,Park, S. K.,Um, H. Y.,Shin, K. H. SPRINGER SCIENCE + BUSINESS MEDIA 2017 Paddy and water environment Vol.15 No.3
<P>The biocontrol effects of Caridina denticulata, an atyid shrimp, on toxic cyanobacterial bloom (Microcystis aeruginosa) were evaluated in a mesocosm study with stable isotope tracers (C-13 and N-15) in a eutrophic agricultural reservoir. The accumulated assimilation (at.%) of M. aeruginosa into C. denticulata was increased, causing a significant reduction in the concentration of Chlorophyll-a. The ingestion rate of M. aeruginosa by C. denticulata was influenced by predation pressure exerted by bagrid catfish Pseudobagrus fulvidraco and was dependent on biomass ratio. C. denticulata affected zooplankton density, species composition, and ingestion rate, demonstrating that the number of small-sized cladocerans (Bosmina coregoni and Bosmina longispina) increased because they grazed M. aeruginosa for a food source. This study suggests that C. denticulata and P. fulvidraco can be feasible material to control a nuisance M. aeruginosa bloom in eutrophic agricultural reservoir.</P>
Lee, B.M.,Han, Y.W.,Kim, S.B.,Rahman, M.M.,Uyangaa, E.,Kim, J.H.,Roh, Y.S.,Kim, B.,Han, S.B.,Hong, J.T.,Kim, K.,Eo, S.K. Pergamon Press 2011 Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectiou Vol.34 No.4
The enhanced effect of cytokine combinations has been assessed empirically, based on their immunobiological mechanisms. However, far less is known of the enhanced protection of practical cytokine combinations against viral infection in the livestock industry, due to cost and production issues associated with mass administration. This study demonstrates the enhanced protection of oral co-administration of swine interferon-α (swIFN-α) and interleukin-18 (swIL-18) against infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in piglets using attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as carrier of cytokine proteins. A single oral co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIFN-α and swIL-18 induced enhanced alleviation of the severity of diarrhea caused by TGEV infection, compared to piglets administered S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIFN-α or swIL-18 alone. This enhancement was further observed by the reduction of TGEV shedding and replication, and the expression of IFN-stimulated gene products in the intestinal tract. The results suggest that the combined administration of the swIFN-α and swIL-18 cytokines using attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium as an oral carrier provides enhanced protection against intestinal tract infection with TGEV.
Cho, K. S.,Cheon, K. S.,Hong, S. Y.,Cho, J. H.,Im, J. S.,Mekapogu, M.,Yu, Y. S.,Park, T. H. Springer International 2016 Plant cell reports Vol. No.
<P>Chloroplast genome of Solanum commersonii and S olanum tuberosum were completely sequenced, and Indel markers were successfully applied to distinguish chlorotypes demonstrating the chloroplast genome was randomly distributed during protoplast fusion. Somatic hybridization has been widely employed for the introgression of resistance to several diseases from wild Solanum species to overcome sexual barriers in potato breeding. Solanum commersonii is a major resource used as a parent line in somatic hybridization to improve bacterial wilt resistance in interspecies transfer to cultivated potato (S. tuberosum). Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of Lz3.2 (S. commersonii) and S. tuberosum (PT56), which were used to develop fusion products, then compared them with those of five members of the Solanaceae family, S. tuberosum, Capsicum annum, S. lycopersicum, S. bulbocastanum and S. nigrum and Coffea arabica as an out-group. We then developed Indel markers for application in chloroplast genotyping. The complete chloroplast genome of Lz3.2 is composed of 155,525 bp, which is larger than the PT56 genome with 155,296 bp. Gene content, order and orientation of the S. commersonii chloroplast genome were highly conserved with those of other Solanaceae species, and the phylogenetic tree revealed that S. commersonii is located within the same node of S. tuberosum. However, sequence alignment revealed nine Indels between S. commersonii and S. tuberosum in their chloroplast genomes, allowing two Indel markers to be developed. The markers could distinguish the two species and were successfully applied to chloroplast genotyping (chlorotype) in somatic hybrids and their progenies. The results obtained in this study confirmed the random distribution of the chloroplast genome during protoplast fusion and its maternal inheritance and can be applied to select proper plastid genotypes in potato breeding program.</P>